366 lines
18 KiB
Markdown
366 lines
18 KiB
Markdown
---
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layout: "language"
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page_title: "Dependency Lock File (.terraform.lock.hcl) - Configuration Language"
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description: |-
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Terraform uses the dependency lock file `.teraform.lock.hcl` to track and select provider versions. Learn about dependency installation and lock file changes.
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---
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# Dependency Lock File
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-> **Note:** This page is about a feature of Terraform 0.14 and later. Prior
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versions of Terraform did not track dependency selections at all, so the
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information here is not relevant to those versions.
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> **Hands-on:** Try the [Lock and Upgrade Provider Versions](https://learn.hashicorp.com/tutorials/terraform/provider-versioning?in=terraform/configuration-language&utm_source=WEBSITE&utm_medium=WEB_IO&utm_offer=ARTICLE_PAGE&utm_content=DOCS) tutorial on HashiCorp Learn.
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A Terraform configuration may refer to two different kinds of external
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dependency that come from outside of its own codebase:
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* [Providers](/docs/language/providers/requirements.html), which are plugins for Terraform
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that extend it with support for interacting with various external systems.
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* [Modules](/docs/language/modules/index.html), which allow
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splitting out groups of Terraform configuration constructs (written in the
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Terraform language) into reusable abstractions.
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Both of these dependency types can be published and updated independently from
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Terraform itself and from the configurations that depend on them. For that
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reason, Terraform must determine which versions of those dependencies are
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potentially compatible with the current configuration and which versions are
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currently selected for use.
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[Version constraints](/docs/language/expressions/version-constraints.html) within the configuration
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itself determine which versions of dependencies are _potentially_ compatible,
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but after selecting a specific version of each dependency Terraform remembers
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the decisions it made in a _dependency lock file_ so that it can (by default)
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make the same decisions again in future.
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At present, the dependency lock file tracks only _provider_ dependencies.
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Terraform does not remember version selections for remote modules, and so
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Terraform will always select the newest available module version that meets
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the specified version constraints. You can use an _exact_ version constraint
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to ensure that Terraform will always select the same module version.
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## Lock File Location
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The dependency lock file is a file that belongs to the configuration as a
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whole, rather than to each separate module in the configuration. For that reason
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Terraform creates it and expects to find it in your current working directory
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when you run Terraform, which is also the directory containing the `.tf` files
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for the root module of your configuration.
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The lock file is always named `.terraform.lock.hcl`, and this name is intended
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to signify that it is a lock file for various items that Terraform caches in
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the `.terraform` subdirectory of your working directory.
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Terraform automatically creates or updates the dependency lock file each time
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you run [the `terraform init` command](/docs/cli/commands/init.html). You should
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include this file in your version control repository so that you can discuss
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potential changes to your external dependencies via code review, just as you
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would discuss potential changes to your configuration itself.
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The dependency lock file uses the same low-level syntax as the main Terraform
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language, but the dependency lock file is not itself a Terraform language
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configuration file. It is named with the suffix `.hcl` instead of `.tf` in
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order to signify that difference.
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## Dependency Installation Behavior
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When `terraform init` is working on installing all of the providers needed for
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a configuration, Terraform considers both the version constraints in the
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configuration _and_ the version selections recorded in the lock file.
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If a particular provider has no existing recorded selection, Terraform will
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select the newest available version that matches the given version constraint,
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and then update the lock file to include that selection.
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If a particular provider already has a selection recorded in the lock file,
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Terraform will always re-select that version for installation, even if a
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newer version has become available. You can override that behavior by adding
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the `-upgrade` option when you run `terraform init`, in which case Terraform
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will disregard the existing selections and once again select the newest
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available version matching the version constraint.
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If a particular `terraform init` call makes changes to the lock file, Terraform
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will mention that as part of its output:
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```
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Terraform has made some changes to the provider dependency selections recorded
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in the .terraform.lock.hcl file. Review those changes and commit them to your
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version control system if they represent changes you intended to make.
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```
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When you see this message, you can use your version control system to
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[review the changes Terraform has proposed in the file](#understanding-lock-file-changes),
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and if they represent changes you made intentionally you can send the change
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through your team's usual code review process.
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### Checksum verification
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Terraform will also verify that each package it installs matches at least one
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of the checksums it previously recorded in the lock file, if any, returning an
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error if none of the checksums match:
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```
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Error: Failed to install provider
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Error while installing hashicorp/azurerm v2.1.0: the current package for
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registry.terraform.io/hashicorp/azurerm 2.1.0 doesn't match any of the
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checksums previously recorded in the dependency lock file.
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```
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This checksum verification is intended to represent a
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_[trust on first use](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trust_on_first_use)_
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approach. When you add a new provider for the first time you can verify it
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in whatever way you choose or any way you are required to by relevant
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regulations, and then trust that Terraform will raise an error if a future
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run of `terraform init` encounters a non-matching package for the same
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provider version.
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There are two special considerations with the "trust on first use" model:
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* If you install a provider from an origin registry which provides checksums
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that are signed with a cryptographic signature, Terraform will treat all
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of the signed checksums as valid as long as one checksum matches. The lock
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file will therefore include checksums for both the package you installed for
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your current platform _and_ any other packages that might be available for
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other platforms.
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In this case, the `terraform init` output will include the fingerprint of
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the key that signed the checksums, with a message like
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`(signed by a HashiCorp partner, key ID DC9FC6B1FCE47986)`. You may wish to
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confirm that you trust the holder of the given key before committing the
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lock file containing the signed checksums, or to retrieve and verify the
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full set of available packages for the given provider version.
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* If you install a provider for the first time using an alternative
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installation method, such as a filesystem or network mirror, Terraform will
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not be able to verify the checksums for any platform other than the one
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where you ran `terraform init`, and so it will not record the checksums
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for other platforms and so the configuration will not be usable on any other
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platform.
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To avoid this problem you can pre-populate checksums for a variety of
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different platforms in your lock file using
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[the `terraform providers lock` command](/docs/cli/commands/providers/lock.html),
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which will then allow future calls to `terraform init` to verify that the
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packages available in your chosen mirror match the official packages from
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the provider's origin registry.
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## Understanding Lock File Changes
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Because the dependency lock file is primarily maintained automatically by
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Terraform itself, rather than being updated manually by you or your team,
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your version control system may show you that the file has changed.
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There are a few different types of changes that Terraform can potentially make
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to your lock file, which you may need to understand in order to review the
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proposed changes. The following sections will describe these common situations.
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### Dependency on a new provider
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If you add a new entry to the
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[provider requirements](/docs/language/providers/requirements.html) for any module in your
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configuration, or if you add an external module that includes a new provider
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dependency itself, `terraform init` will respond to that by selecting the
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newest version of that provider which meets all of the version constraints
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in the configuration, and it will record its decision as a new `provider`
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block in the dependency lock file.
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```diff
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--- .terraform.lock.hcl 2020-10-07 16:12:07.539570634 -0700
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+++ .terraform.lock.hcl 2020-10-07 16:12:15.267487237 -0700
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@@ -6,6 +6,26 @@
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]
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}
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+provider "registry.terraform.io/hashicorp/azurerm" {
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+ version = "2.30.0"
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+ constraints = "~> 2.12"
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+ hashes = [
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+ "h1:FJwsuowaG5CIdZ0WQyFZH9r6kIJeRKts9+GcRsTz1+Y=",
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+ "h1:c/ntSXrDYM1mUir2KufijYebPcwKqS9CRGd3duDSGfY=",
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+ "h1:yre4Ph76g9H84MbuhZ2z5MuldjSA4FsrX6538O7PCcY=",
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+ "zh:04f0a50bb2ba92f3bea6f0a9e549ace5a4c13ef0cbb6975494cac0ef7d4acb43",
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+ "zh:2082e12548ebcdd6fd73580e83f626ed4ed13f8cdfd51205d8696ffe54f30734",
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+ "zh:246bcc449e9a92679fb30f3c0a77f05513886565e2dcc66b16c4486f51533064",
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+ "zh:24de3930625ac9014594d79bfa42d600eca65e9022b9668b54bfd0d924e21d14",
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+ "zh:2a22893a576ff6f268d9bf81cf4a56406f7ba79f77826f6df51ee787f6d2840a",
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+ "zh:2b27485e19c2aaa9f15f29c4cff46154a9720647610171e30fc6c18ddc42ec28",
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+ "zh:435f24ce1fb2b63f7f02aa3c84ac29c5757cd29ec4d297ed0618423387fe7bd4",
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+ "zh:7d99725923de5240ff8b34b5510569aa4ebdc0bdb27b7bac2aa911a8037a3893",
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+ "zh:7e3b5d0af3b7411dd9dc65ec9ab6caee8c191aee0fa7f20fc4f51716e67f50c0",
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+ "zh:da0af4552bef5a29b88f6a0718253f3bf71ce471c959816eb7602b0dadb469ca",
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+ ]
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+}
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+
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provider "registry.terraform.io/newrelic/newrelic" {
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version = "2.1.2"
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constraints = "~> 2.1.1"
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```
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The new lock file entry records several pieces of information:
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* `version`: the exact version that Terraform selected based on the version
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constraints in the configuration.
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* `constraints`: all of the version constraints that Terraform considered when
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making this selection. (Terraform doesn't actually use this information to
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make installation decisions, but includes it to help explain to human readers
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how the previous decision was made.)
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* `hashes`: a number of checksums that are all considered to be valid for
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packages implementing the selected version of this provider on different
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platforms. The meaning of these hashes is explained more under
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_[New provider package checksums](#new-provider-package-checksums)_ below.
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### New version of an existing provider
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If you run `terraform init -upgrade` to ask Terraform to consider newer provider
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versions that still match the configured version constraints, Terraform may
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then select a newer version for a provider and update its existing `provider`
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block to reflect that change.
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```diff
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--- .terraform.lock.hcl 2020-10-07 16:44:25.819579509 -0700
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+++ .terraform.lock.hcl 2020-10-07 16:43:42.785665945 -0700
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@@ -7,22 +7,22 @@
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}
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provider "registry.terraform.io/hashicorp/azurerm" {
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- version = "2.1.0"
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- constraints = "~> 2.1.0"
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+ version = "2.0.0"
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+ constraints = "2.0.0"
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hashes = [
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- "h1:EOJImaEaVThWasdqnJjfYc6/P8N/MRAq1J7avx5ZbV4=",
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- "zh:0015b491cf9151235e57e35ea6b89381098e61bd923f56dffc86026d58748880",
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- "zh:4c5682ba1e0fc7e2e602d3f103af1638f868c31fe80cc1a884a97f6dad6e1c11",
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- "zh:57bac885b108c91ade4a41590062309c832c9ab6bf6a68046161636fcaef1499",
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- "zh:5810d48f574c0e363c969b3f45276369c8f0a35b34d6202fdfceb7b85b3ac597",
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- "zh:5c6e37a44462b8662cf9bdd29ce30523712a45c27c5d4711738705be0785db41",
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- "zh:64548940a3387aa3a752e709ee9eb9982fa820fe60eb60e5f212cc1d2c58549e",
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- "zh:7f46749163da17330bbb5293dc825333c86304baa0a7c6256650ac536b4567c8",
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- "zh:8f8970f2df75ac43ffdd112055ee069d8bd1030f7eb4367cc4cf494a1fa802c3",
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- "zh:9ad693d00dc5d7d455d06faba70e716bce727c6706f7293288e87fd7956b8fe0",
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- "zh:b6e3cb55e6aec62b47edd0d2bd5e14bd6a2bcfdac65930a6e9e819934734c57b",
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- "zh:d6a3f3b9b05c28ecf3919e9e7afa185805a6d7442fc4b3eedba749c2731d1f0e",
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- "zh:d81fb624a357c57c7ea457ce543d865b39b12f26c2edd58a2f7cd43326c91010",
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+ "h1:bigGXBoRbp7dv79bEEn+aaju8575qEXHQ57XHVPJeB8=",
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+ "zh:09c603c8904ca4a5bc19e82335afbc2837dcc4bee81e395f9daccef2f2cba1c8",
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+ "zh:194a919d4836d6c6d4ce598d0c66cce00ddc0d0b5c40d01bb32789964d818b42",
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+ "zh:1f269627df4e266c4e0ef9ee2486534caa3c8bea91a201feda4bca525005aa0a",
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+ "zh:2bae3071bd5f8e553355c4b3a547d6efe1774a828142b762e9a4e85f79be7f63",
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+ "zh:6c98dfa5c3468e8d02e2b3af7c4a8a14a5d469ce5a642909643b413a17ca338b",
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+ "zh:7af78f61666fd45fbf428161c061ea2623162d601b79dc71d6a5158756853ffa",
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+ "zh:883c2df86ae9ba2a5c167cf5c2c7deca0239171a224d6d335f0fd6dd9c283830",
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+ "zh:a2028379078577d8ff5ecfca6e8a8b25a25ffb1686de0ee52a7fe8011783488b",
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+ "zh:abe6ef399552fd3861a454a839cd978c1d15735658fdc00f9054435aff0f4620",
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+ "zh:c30b1bf14077913c3cdf34979b1434dbb1353cb5995eb3956b191c50538b64a9",
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+ "zh:ca64ae2ad9793e5631e3b0b9327f7cb22cb5d8e9de57be7d85821791b1d5a375",
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+ "zh:fffe56904a38109bb8d613b02808a177c3ddfac19f03b3aac799281fea38f475",
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]
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}
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```
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The primary effect of selecting a new provider version is to change the
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value of `version` in the `provider` block. If the upgrade came along with
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a change to the configured version constraints, Terraform will also record
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that change in the `constraints` value.
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Because each version has its own set of distribution packages, switching to
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a new version will also tend to replace all of the values in `hashes`, to
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reflect the checksums of the packages for the new version.
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### New provider package checksums
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A more subtle change you may see in a `provider` block is the addition of
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new checksums that were not previously recorded, even though nothing else
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in the `provider` block has changed:
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```diff
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--- .terraform.lock.hcl 2020-10-07 17:24:23.397892140 -0700
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+++ .terraform.lock.hcl 2020-10-07 17:24:57.423130253 -0700
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@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
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version = "2.1.0"
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constraints = "~> 2.1.0"
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hashes = [
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+ "h1:1xvaS5D8B8t6J6XmXxX8spo97tAzjhacjedFX1B47Fk=",
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"h1:EOJImaEaVThWasdqnJjfYc6/P8N/MRAq1J7avx5ZbV4=",
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"zh:0015b491cf9151235e57e35ea6b89381098e61bd923f56dffc86026d58748880",
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"zh:4c5682ba1e0fc7e2e602d3f103af1638f868c31fe80cc1a884a97f6dad6e1c11",
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```
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The addition of a new checksum into the `hashes` value represents Terraform
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gradually transitioning between different _hashing schemes_. The `h1:` and
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`zh:` prefixes on these values represent different hashing schemes, each
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of which represents calculating a checksum using a different algorithm.
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We may occasionally introduce new hashing schemes if we learn of limitations
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in the existing schemes or if a new scheme offers some considerable
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additional benefit.
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The two hashing schemes currently supported are:
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* `zh:`: a mnemonic for "zip hash", this is a legacy hash format which is
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part of the Terraform provider registry protocol and is therefore used for
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providers that you install directly from an origin registry.
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This hashing scheme captures a SHA256 hash of each of the official `.zip`
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packages indexed in the origin registry. This is an effective scheme for
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verifying the official release packages when installed from a registry, but
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it's not suitable for verifying packages that come from other
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[provider installation methods](/docs/cli/config/config-file.html#provider-installation),
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such as filesystem mirrors using the unpacked directory layout.
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* `h1:`: a mnemonic for "hash scheme 1", which is the current preferred hashing
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scheme.
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Hash scheme 1 is also a SHA256 hash, but is one computed from the _contents_
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of the provider distribution package, rather than of the `.zip` archive
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it's contained within. This scheme therefore has the advantage that it can
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be calculated for an official `.zip` file, an unpacked directory with the
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same contents, or a recompressed `.zip` file which contains the same files
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but potentially different metadata or compression schemes.
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Due to the limited scope of the `zh:` scheme, Terraform will
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opportunistically add in the corresponding `h1:` checksums as it learns
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of them, which is what caused the addition of a second `h1:` checksum
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in the example change shown above.
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Terraform will add a new hash to an existing provider only if the hash is
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calculated from a package that _also_ matches one of the existing hashes. In
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the above example, Terraform installed a `hashicorp/azurerm` package for a
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different platform than that which produced the original `h1:` checksum, but was
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able to match it against one of the `zh:` checksums recorded previously.
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After confirming the `zh:` checksum match, Terraform then recorded the
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corresponding `h1:` checksum in order to gradually migrate from the old scheme
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to the new scheme.
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When installing a particular provider for the first time (where there is no
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existing `provider` block for it), Terraform will pre-populate the `hashes`
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value with any checksums that are covered by the provider developer's
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cryptographic signature, which usually covers all of the available packages
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for that provider version across all supported platforms. However, because
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the provider registry protocol still uses the `zh:` scheme, the initial set
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will consist primarily of hashes using that scheme, which Terraform will then
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upgrade opportunistically as you install the packages on different platforms.
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If you wish to avoid ongoing additions of new `h1:` hashes as you work with
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your configuration on new target platforms, or if you are installing providers
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from a mirror that therefore can't provide official signed checksums, you
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can ask Terraform to pre-populate hashes for a chosen set of platforms
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using
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[the `terraform providers lock` command](/docs/cli/commands/providers/lock.html):
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```
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terraform providers lock \
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-platform=linux_arm64 \
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-platform=linux_amd64 \
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-platform=darwin_amd64 \
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-platform=windows_amd64
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```
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The above command will download and verify the official packages for all of
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the required providers across all four of the given platforms, and then record
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both `zh:` and `h1:` checksums for each of them in the lock file, thus avoiding
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the case where Terraform will learn about a `h1:` equivalent only at a later
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time. See the `terraform providers lock` documentation for more information on
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this command.
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