226 lines
6.6 KiB
Markdown
226 lines
6.6 KiB
Markdown
---
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layout: "docs"
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page_title: "Configuring Resources"
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sidebar_current: "docs-config-resources"
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description: |-
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The most important thing you'll configure with Terraform are resources. Resources are a component of your infrastructure. It might be some low level component such as a physical server, virtual machine, or container. Or it can be a higher level component such as an email provider, DNS record, or database provider.
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---
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# Resource Configuration
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The most important thing you'll configure with Terraform are
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resources. Resources are a component of your infrastructure.
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It might be some low level component such as a physical server,
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virtual machine, or container. Or it can be a higher level
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component such as an email provider, DNS record, or database
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provider.
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This page assumes you're familiar with the
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[configuration syntax](/docs/configuration/syntax.html)
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already.
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## Example
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A resource configuration looks like the following:
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```
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resource "aws_instance" "web" {
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ami = "ami-408c7f28"
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instance_type = "t1.micro"
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}
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```
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## Description
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The `resource` block creates a resource of the given `TYPE` (first
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parameter) and `NAME` (second parameter). The combination of the type
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and name must be unique.
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Within the block (the `{ }`) is configuration for the resource. The
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configuration is dependent on the type, and is documented for each
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resource type in the
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[providers section](/docs/providers/index.html).
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There are **meta-parameters** available to all resources:
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* `count` (int) - The number of identical resources to create.
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This doesn't apply to all resources. For details on using variables in
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conjunction with count, see [Using Variables with
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`count`](#using-variables-with-count) below.
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* `depends_on` (list of strings) - Explicit dependencies that this
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resource has. These dependencies will be created before this
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resource. The dependencies are in the format of `TYPE.NAME`,
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for example `aws_instance.web`.
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* `lifecycle` (configuration block) - Customizes the lifecycle
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behavior of the resource. The specific options are documented
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below.
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The `lifecycle` block allows the following keys to be set:
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* `create_before_destroy` (bool) - This flag is used to ensure
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the replacement of a resource is created before the original
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instance is destroyed. As an example, this can be used to
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create an new DNS record before removing an old record.
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* `prevent_destroy` (bool) - This flag provides extra protection against the
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destruction of a given resource. When this is set to `true`, any plan
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that includes a destroy of this resource will return an error message.
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* `ignore_changes` (list of strings) - Customizes how diffs are evaluated for
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resources, allowing individual attributes to be ignored through changes.
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As an example, this can be used to ignore dynamic changes to the
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resource from external resources. Other meta-parameters cannot be ignored.
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~> **NOTE on create\_before\_destroy and dependencies:** Resources that utilize
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the `create_before_destroy` key can only depend on other resources that also
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include `create_before_destroy`. Referencing a resource that does not include
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`create_before_destroy` will result in a dependency graph cycle.
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~> **NOTE on ignore\_changes:** Ignored attribute names can be matched by their
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name, not state ID. For example, if an `aws_route_table` has two routes defined
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and the `ignore_changes` list contains "route", both routes will be ignored.
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-------------
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Within a resource, you can optionally have a **connection block**.
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Connection blocks describe to Terraform how to connect to the
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resource for
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[provisioning](/docs/provisioners/index.html). This block doesn't
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need to be present if you're using only local provisioners, or
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if you're not provisioning at all.
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Resources provide some data on their own, such as an IP address,
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but other data must be specified by the user.
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The full list of settings that can be specified are listed on
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the [provisioner connection page](/docs/provisioners/connection.html).
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-------------
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Within a resource, you can specify zero or more **provisioner
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blocks**. Provisioner blocks configure
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[provisioners](/docs/provisioners/index.html).
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Within the provisioner block is provisioner-specific configuration,
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much like resource-specific configuration.
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Provisioner blocks can also contain a connection block
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(documented above). This connection block can be used to
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provide more specific connection info for a specific provisioner.
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An example use case might be to use a different user to log in
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for a single provisioner.
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<a id="using-variables-with-count"></a>
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## Using Variables With `count`
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When declaring multiple instances of a resource using [`count`](#count), it is
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common to want each instance to have a different value for a given attribute.
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You can use the `${count.index}`
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[interpolation](/docs/configuration/interpolation.html) along with a mapping [variable](/docs/configuration/variables.html) to accomplish this.
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For example, here's how you could create three [AWS Instances](/docs/providers/aws/r/instance.html) each with their own static IP
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address:
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```
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variable "instance_ips" {
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default = {
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"0" = "10.11.12.100"
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"1" = "10.11.12.101"
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"2" = "10.11.12.102"
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}
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}
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resource "aws_instance" "app" {
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count = "3"
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private_ip = "${lookup(var.instance_ips, count.index)}"
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# ...
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}
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```
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## Multiple Provider Instances
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By default, a resource targets the provider based on its type. For example
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an `aws_instance` resource will target the "aws" provider. As of Terraform
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0.5.0, a resource can target any provider by name.
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The primary use case for this is to target a specific configuration of
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a provider that is configured multiple times to support multiple regions, etc.
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To target another provider, set the `provider` field:
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```
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resource "aws_instance" "foo" {
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provider = "aws.west"
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# ...
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}
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```
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The value of the field should be `TYPE` or `TYPE.ALIAS`. The `ALIAS` value
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comes from the `alias` field value when configuring the
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[provider](/docs/configuration/providers.html).
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If no `provider` field is specified, the default (provider with no alias)
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provider is used.
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## Syntax
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The full syntax is:
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```
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resource TYPE NAME {
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CONFIG ...
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[count = COUNT]
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[depends_on = [RESOURCE NAME, ...]]
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[provider = PROVIDER]
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[LIFECYCLE]
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[CONNECTION]
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[PROVISIONER ...]
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}
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```
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where `CONFIG` is:
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```
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KEY = VALUE
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KEY {
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CONFIG
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}
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```
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where `LIFECYCLE` is:
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```
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lifecycle {
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[create_before_destroy = true|false]
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[prevent_destroy = true|false]
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[ignore_changes = [ATTRIBUTE NAME, ...]]
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}
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```
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where `CONNECTION` is:
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```
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connection {
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KEY = VALUE
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...
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}
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```
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where `PROVISIONER` is:
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```
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provisioner NAME {
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CONFIG ...
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[CONNECTION]
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}
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```
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