---
layout: "aws"
page_title: "Provider: AWS"
sidebar_current: "docs-aws-index"
description: |-
  The Amazon Web Services (AWS) provider is used to interact with the many resources supported by AWS. The provider needs to be configured with the proper credentials before it can be used.
---

# AWS Provider

The Amazon Web Services (AWS) provider is used to interact with the
many resources supported by AWS. The provider needs to be configured
with the proper credentials before it can be used.

Use the navigation to the left to read about the available resources.

## Example Usage

```
# Configure the AWS Provider
provider "aws" {
    access_key = "${var.aws_access_key}"
    secret_key = "${var.aws_secret_key}"
    region = "us-east-1"
}

# Create a web server
resource "aws_instance" "web" {
    ...
}
```

## Authentication 

The AWS provider offers flexible means of providing credentials for
authentication. The following methods are supported, in this order, and
explained below:

- Static credentials
- Environment variables
- Shared credentials file
- EC2 Role

### Static credentials ###

Static credentials can be provided by adding an `access_key` and `secret_key` in-line in the
aws provider block:

Usage: 

```
provider "aws" {
  region     = "us-west-2"
  access_key = "anaccesskey"
  secret_key = "asecretkey"
}
```

###Environment variables

You can provide your credentials via `AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID` and `AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY`, 
environment variables, representing your AWS Access Key and AWS Secret Key, respectively.
`AWS_DEFAULT_REGION` and `AWS_SESSION_TOKEN` are also used, if applicable:

```
provider "aws" {}
```

Usage:

```
$ export AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID="anaccesskey" 
$ export AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY="asecretkey"
$ export AWS_DEFAULT_REGION="us-west-2"
$ terraform plan
```

###Shared Credentials file

You can use an AWS credentials file to specify your credentials. The default
location is `$HOME/.aws/credentials` on Linux and OSX, or `"%USERPROFILE%\.aws\credentials"` 
for Windows users. If we fail to detect credentials inline, or in the
environment, Terraform will check this location. You can optionally specify a
different location in the configuration by providing `shared_credentials_file`,
or in the environment with the `AWS_SHARED_CREDENTIALS_FILE` variable. This
method also supports a `profile` configuration and matching `AWS_PROFILE`
environment variable:

Usage: 

```
provider "aws" {
  region                   = "us-west-2"
  shared_credentials_file  = "/Users/tf_user/.aws/creds"
  profile                  = "customprofile"
}
```

###EC2 Role

If you're running Terraform from an EC2 instance with IAM Instance Profile
using IAM Role, Terraform will just ask
[the metadata API](http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/iam-roles-for-amazon-ec2.html#instance-metadata-security-credentials)
endpoint for credentials.

This is a preferred approach over any other when running in EC2 as you can avoid
hardcoding credentials. Instead these are leased on-the-fly by Terraform
which reduces the chance of leakage.

You can provide custom metadata API endpoint via `AWS_METADATA_ENDPOINT` variable
which expects the endpoint URL including the version
and defaults to `http://169.254.169.254:80/latest`.

###Assume role

If provided with a role ARN, Terraform will attempt to assume this role
using the supplied credentials.

Usage:

```
provider "aws" {
  assume_role {
    role_arn = "arn:aws:iam::ACCOUNT_ID:role/ROLE_NAME"
    session_name = "SESSION_NAME"
    external_id = "EXTERNAL_ID"
  }
}
```

## Argument Reference

The following arguments are supported in the `provider` block:

* `access_key` - (Optional) This is the AWS access key. It must be provided, but
  it can also be sourced from the `AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID` environment variable, or via
  a shared credentials file if `profile` is specified.

* `secret_key` - (Optional) This is the AWS secret key. It must be provided, but
  it can also be sourced from the `AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY` environment variable, or
  via a shared credentials file if `profile` is specified.

* `region` - (Required) This is the AWS region. It must be provided, but
  it can also be sourced from the `AWS_DEFAULT_REGION` environment variables, or
  via a shared credentials file if `profile` is specified.

* `profile` - (Optional) This is the AWS profile name as set in the shared credentials
  file.

* `assume_role` - (Optional) An `assume_role` block (documented below). Only one
  `assume_role` block may be in the configuration.

* `shared_credentials_file` = (Optional) This is the path to the shared credentials file.
  If this is not set and a profile is specified, ~/.aws/credentials will be used.

* `token` - (Optional) Use this to set an MFA token. It can also be sourced
  from the `AWS_SESSION_TOKEN` environment variable.

* `max_retries` - (Optional) This is the maximum number of times an API call is
  being retried in case requests are being throttled or experience transient failures.
  The delay between the subsequent API calls increases exponentially.

* `allowed_account_ids` - (Optional) List of allowed AWS account IDs (whitelist)
  to prevent you mistakenly using a wrong one (and end up destroying live environment).
  Conflicts with `forbidden_account_ids`.

* `forbidden_account_ids` - (Optional) List of forbidden AWS account IDs (blacklist)
  to prevent you mistakenly using a wrong one (and end up destroying live environment).
  Conflicts with `allowed_account_ids`.

* `insecure` - (Optional) Optional) Explicitly allow the provider to
  perform "insecure" SSL requests. If omitted, default value is `false`

* `dynamodb_endpoint` - (Optional) Use this to override the default endpoint
  URL constructed from the `region`. It's typically used to connect to
  dynamodb-local.

* `kinesis_endpoint` - (Optional) Use this to override the default endpoint
  URL constructed from the `region`. It's typically used to connect to
  kinesalite.

* `skip_credentials_validation` - (Optional) Skip the credentials validation via STS API.
  Useful for AWS API implementations that do not have STS available/implemented.

* `skip_requesting_account_id` - (Optional) Skip requesting the account ID.
  Useful for AWS API implementations that do not have IAM/STS API and/or metadata API.
  `true` (enabling this option) prevents you from managing any resource that requires Account ID to construct an ARN, e.g.
  - `aws_db_instance`
  - `aws_db_option_group`
  - `aws_db_parameter_group`
  - `aws_db_security_group`
  - `aws_db_subnet_group`
  - `aws_elasticache_cluster`
  - `aws_glacier_vault`
  - `aws_rds_cluster`
  - `aws_rds_cluster_instance`
  - `aws_rds_cluster_parameter_group`
  - `aws_redshift_cluster`

* `skip_metadata_api_check` - (Optional) Skip the AWS Metadata API check.
  Useful for AWS API implementations that do not have a metadata API endpoint.
  `true` prevents Terraform from authenticating via Metadata API - i.e. you may need to use other auth methods
  (static credentials set as ENV vars or config)

* `s3_force_path_style` - (Optional) set this to true to force the request to use
  path-style addressing, i.e., http://s3.amazonaws.com/BUCKET/KEY. By default, the
  S3 client will use virtual hosted bucket addressing when possible
  (http://BUCKET.s3.amazonaws.com/KEY). Specific to the Amazon S3 service.

The nested `assume_role` block supports the following:

* `role_arn` - (Required) The ARN of the role to assume.

* `session_name` - (Optional) The session name to use when making the
  AssumeRole call.

* `external_id` - (Optional) The external ID to use when making the
  AssumeRole  call.

Nested `endpoints` block supports the following:

* `iam` - (Optional) Use this to override the default endpoint
  URL constructed from the `region`. It's typically used to connect to
  custom iam endpoints.

* `ec2` - (Optional) Use this to override the default endpoint
  URL constructed from the `region`. It's typically used to connect to
  custom ec2 endpoints.

* `elb` - (Optional) Use this to override the default endpoint
  URL constructed from the `region`. It's typically used to connect to
  custom elb endpoints.

* `s3` - (Optional) Use this to override the default endpoint
  URL constructed from the `region`. It's typically used to connect to
  custom s3 endpoints.

## Getting the Account ID

If you use either `allowed_account_ids` or `forbidden_account_ids`,
Terraform uses several approaches to get the actual account ID
in order to compare it with allowed/forbidden ones.

Approaches differ per auth providers:

 * EC2 instance w/ IAM Instance Profile - [Metadata API](http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/ec2-instance-metadata.html)
    is always used. Introduced in Terraform `0.6.16`.
 * All other providers (ENV vars, shared creds file, ...)
    will try two approaches in the following order
   * `iam:GetUser` - typically useful for IAM Users. It also means
      that each user needs to be privileged to call `iam:GetUser` for themselves.
   * `sts:GetCallerIdentity` - _Should_ work for both IAM Users and federated IAM Roles,
      introduced in Terraform `0.6.16`.
   * `iam:ListRoles` - this is specifically useful for IdP-federated profiles
      which cannot use `iam:GetUser`. It also means that each federated user
      need to be _assuming_ an IAM role which allows `iam:ListRoles`.
      Used in Terraform `0.6.16+`.
      There used to be no better way to get account ID out of the API
      when using federated account until `sts:GetCallerIdentity` was introduced.