When we did the earlier documentation rework for Terraform v0.12 we still
had one big "Expressions" page talking about the various operators and
constructs, and so we had to be a bit economical with the details about
some more complicated constructs in order to avoid the page becoming even
more overwhelming.
However, we've recently reorganized the language documentation again so
that the expressions section is split across several separate pages, and
that gives some freedom to go into some more detail about and show longer
examples for certain features.
My changes here are not intended to be an exhaustive rewrite but I did
try to focus on some areas I've commonly seen questions about when helping
in the community forum and elsewhere, and also to create a little more
connectivity between the different content so readers can hopefully find
what they are looking for more easily when they're not yet sure what
terminology to look for.
As of Terraform 0.13+, the get-plugins command has been
superceded by new provider installation mechanisms, and
general philosophy (providers are always installed, but
the sources may be customized). Updat the init command
to give users a warning if they are setting this flag,
to encourage them to remove it from their workflow, and
update relevant docs and docstrings as well
I originally drafted these docs in a context where I was relying on
GitHub's Markdown renderer, and carelessly imported them into the
Terraform website without verifying that the website's Markdown renderer
could process it. This particular quirk has bitten us before: the website
Markdown parser expects follow-on paragraphs in a list item to be indented
at least four spaces, and with less than that it ignores the leading
whitespace altogether and just understands a normal paragraph.
This change will cause the follow-on paragraphs to now correctly render
as part of the bullet points they are intended to be attached to.
This is under a heading "Sensitive Resource Attributes" on the assumption
that if we later stabilize this feature then this heading will live on
with some different content that describes the propagation of sensitive
values from resource attributes, rather than describing the experiment.
The resources, expressions, and modules pages were all split into smaller, more
navigable pages, but the old URLs had accumulated a large number of deep links
to their section headers. To help people recover when they click an old link, we
converted those old URLs to landing pages, which preserve all of the old in-page
anchors and point readers to the appropriate new destinations.
However, because the new link-to-new-page sections are so small, it was kind of
hard to tell which section you had clicked into! Especially if you were near the
bottom of the page and the browser wasn't able to position the desired section
at the very top of the window.
This commit aims to improve that by putting one full screen of whitespace in
between every linkable section on these landing pages. Yes, it's a hack, but
you're meant to only view these pages for three seconds or so before moving on
to the place you wanted to be, and this should help dispel any confusion about
which place that is.
This tutorial uses references to local values, conditional expressions,
and splat expressions, so I've added it to those pages as well as the
expressions overview.
We've historically made statements like this in response to requests for
more customization to the "terraform fmt" behavior, but the documentation
itself was somewhat vague about the intended goals of this command.
This is an attempt to be more explicit that consistency between codebases
is the primary goal of this command, and that the examples in the
Terraform documentation are our main guide for what is "idiomatic style"
when adding additional rules over time.
Nothing here is intended to be new policy, but instead as codifying
positions we've taken elsewhere in the past in the hope of allowing users
to decide how (and whether) they wish to make use of this tool.
When using the enhanced remote backend, a subset of all Terraform
operations are supported. Of these, only plan and apply can be executed
on the remote infrastructure (e.g. Terraform Cloud). Other operations
run locally and use the remote backend for state storage.
This causes problems when the local version of Terraform does not match
the configured version from the remote workspace. If the two versions
are incompatible, an `import` or `state mv` operation can cause the
remote workspace to be unusable until a manual fix is applied.
To prevent this from happening accidentally, this commit introduces a
check that the local Terraform version and the configured remote
workspace Terraform version are compatible. This check is skipped for
commands which do not write state, and can also be disabled by the use
of a new command-line flag, `-ignore-remote-version`.
Terraform version compatibility is defined as:
- For all releases before 0.14.0, local must exactly equal remote, as
two different versions cannot share state;
- 0.14.0 to 1.0.x are compatible, as we will not change the state
version number until at least Terraform 1.1.0;
- Versions after 1.1.0 must have the same major and minor versions, as
we will not change the state version number in a patch release.
If the two versions are incompatible, a diagnostic is displayed,
advising that the error can be suppressed with `-ignore-remote-version`.
When this flag is used, the diagnostic is still displayed, but as a
warning instead of an error.
Commands which will not write state can assert this fact by calling the
helper `meta.ignoreRemoteBackendVersionConflict`, which will disable the
checks. Those which can write state should instead call the helper
`meta.remoteBackendVersionCheck`, which will return diagnostics for
display.
In addition to these explicit paths for managing the version check, we
have an implicit check in the remote backend's state manager
initialization method. Both of the above helpers will disable this
check. This fallback is in place to ensure that future code paths which
access state cannot accidentally skip the remote version check.
The Registry is a web service whose behavior isn't directly tied to Terraform
core's release cycle; therefore, its docs should be decoupled from that release
cycle as well.
https://github.com/hashicorp/terraform-website/pull/1517 adopts the registry
docs into hashicorp/terraform-website, which already hosts several other
corpuses of documentation that aren't tied to Terraform core's version (like
Terraform Cloud, Terraform Enterprise, and Extending Terraform). Once that PR is
merged, we should remove the registry docs from this repository to avoid
confusing anyone.
The local-exec provisioner documentation includes an example which refers
to an attribute of the current resource using its full traversal path,
rather than using "self" as we typically expect.
Due to some coincidences in how Terraform builds the dependency graph,
referring to the resource in this way happens to work when the resource
has only a single instance (the graph builder just skips that
self-referential dependency edge), but it fails if the user later tries
to add "count" or "for_each" to the resource, because at that point all
of the instances become dependent on one another, which creates a
dependency cycle.
Using "self" to access the current instance attributes is the usual
approach, so I've updated the documentation to show that.
As written previously this seemed to suggest using "app.terraform.io" (the
"hostname you use to access the Terraform Cloud application) to access a
private registry in Terraform Enterprise, but that isn't true and I assume
isn't what was intended.
Instead, the hostname for a Terraform Enterprise instance is the hostname
where the Terraform Enterprise application is running, which is both the
hostname where users would find its web UI and the hostname they'd use
to configure the "remote" backend for remote operations and state storage.
In order to be able to predict a result type even if arguments are not yet
known, coalesce requires all of its arguments to be of the same type. Our
usual automatic conversion rules mean that in some cases the result is
a silent type conversion rather than an explicit error, so we'll at least
document that so that folks who encounter it can understand what is
causing the likely-surprising behavior.
If we were building this function over again today I expect we'd make it
always return an error under type mismatch, but to do so now would be a
breaking change and the potential cost of that seems too high for
something that doesn't seem to arise incredibly often in practice.
This one is a lot like the previous two commits, but slightly more complex:
- Only adding one new meta-argument page, for `providers`; otherwise, it just
re-uses the dual-purpose pages I made in the resources commit.
- About that `providers` argument: The stuff that was relevant to consumers of a
module went in that meta-argument page, but there was also a huge deep dive on
how the _author_ of a re-usable module should handle provider configurations
in cases where inheriting the default providers isn't sufficient. THAT, I
moved into a new page in the module development section. (For the consumer of
a module, this should all be an implementation detail; the module README
should tell you which aliased providers you need to configure and pass, and
then you just do it, without worrying about proxy configuration blocks etc.)
- The "standard module structure" recommendations in the main module development
page gets a page of its own, to make it more prominent and discoverable.
- Same deal with using the old URL as a landing page, at least for the main
module calls page. It didn't seem necessary for the module development page.
- Resource behavior gets its own page.
- Meta-arguments all get their own pages.
- Stuff about resource syntax itself gets a page.
In the process of breaking the meta-arguments out into their own pages, I
revised them (with the exception of `provider`) so that they apply to both
resources and modules.
Like with Expressions, this commit repurposes the old resources.html URL as a
landing page for old links.
This commit converts the previous URL for this content to a landing page, which
captures all of the previous in-page anchors and directs readers to the new home
for each section.
For some time now we've been recommending explicitly passing data between
configurations using separate resource types and data sources, rather than
always using terraform_remote_state, for reasons including reducing
coupling between subsystems and allowing a configuration's state snapshots
to be under restrictive access controls.
However, those recommendations have so far not appeared directly in the
documentation for terraform_remote_state, and have instead just been
alluded to elsewhere in the documentation when discussing ways to pass
data between configurations.
This change, then, is an attempt to be clear and explicit about the
recommendation and to give a variety of specific examples of how to
implement it. The terraform_remote_state data source page is admittedly
not the most obvious place in the information architecture to put a set
of alternatives to it, but it does appear that this documentation page is
where people most commonly end up when researching options in this area
and so I've put this here in an attempt to "meet people where they are".
Possibly in a future documentation reorganization we might have an
separate page specifically about sharing data between configurations, but
we don't currently have time to do that bigger reorganization. If we do so
later, the content on this page could potentially be replaced with a
summary of the recommendation and a link to another place for the details,
but the goal here is to make this information visible in the existing
location people look for it, rather than blocking until there's a better
place for it to live.
This also includes a small amount of editing of some existing content on
the page to use terminology and style more similar to how our main
configuration language documentation is written,.
Remove chef, habitat, puppet, and salt-masterless provsioners,
which follows their deprecation. Update the documentatin for these
provisioners to clarify that they have been removed from later versions
of Terraform. Adds the fmt Make target back and updates fmtcheck script
for correctness.
Some hasty, incorrect merge conflict fixing caused this page to have a
strange mix of terminology between "system" and "provider". Along with
that, there were also several editorial errors caused by text on this
page having originally been derived from the provider registry
documentation.
This documentation will now consistently talk about being a module
registry protocol rather than a provider registry protocol, and it will
consistently use the term "system" as a generic term for the final part
of the module source address, aside from noting that there is an optional
convention to name it after the "type" part of an official provider when
possible.
This is a new part of the existing module_variable_optional_attrs
experiment, because it's intended to complement the ability to declare
an input variable whose type constraint is an object type with optional
attributes. Module authors can use this to replace null values (that were
either explicitly set or implied by attribute omission) with other
non-null values of the same type.
This function is a bit more type-fussy than our functions typically are
because it's intended for use primarily with input variables that have
fully-specified type constraints, and thus it uses that type information
to help inform how the defaults data structure should be interpreted.
Other uses of this function will probably be harder today because it takes
a lot of extra annotation to build a value of a specific type if it isn't
passing through a variable type constraint. Perhaps later language
features for more general type conversion will make this more applicable,
but for now the more general form of this problem is better solved other
ways.
The new nav structure demanded a few new pages that give context about a feature
or workflow. In a few cases, they take text from an existing page.
Co-authored-by: Tu Nguyen <im2nguyen@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Judith Malnick <judith.patudith@gmail.com>
The HashiCorp engineering services team has set up APT and Yum
repositories as alternative installation methods for various HashiCorp
products, now including Terraform.
We don't really have a great place to talk about these in our current
website structure. There is a longer-term plan to revamp the downloads
page to include other options, but we are already getting lots of
questions about how to use these repositories and so my goal here is to
publish at least a first pass of documentation, linked from the Downloads
page sidebar as a placeholder for now, so we'll have somewhere to refer to
when answering such questions.
My intent is that even once we have a revamped Downloads page that
mentions these options more clearly, we'll still need to link out to
another page to talk about various details, and so the two new URLs this
creates would be the home of that content, even if we rewrite the specific
prose here to work better in the context of the new Downloads page.
The example configuration now uses Terraform 0.12+ syntax, and the
output examples are up to date with the current text UI. We also add an
explicit recommendation to use the `-json` option for a consistent and
stable output format, for use in automation.
Prior to Terraform 0.12 these two functions were the only way to construct
literal lists and maps (respectively) in HIL expressions. Terraform 0.12,
by switching to HCL 2, introduced first-class syntax for constructing
tuple and object values, which can then be converted into list and map
values using the tolist and tomap type conversion functions.
We marked both of these functions as deprecated in the Terraform v0.12
release and have since then mentioned in the docs that they will be
removed in a future Terraform version. The "terraform 0.12upgrade" tool
from Terraform v0.12 also included a rule to automatically rewrite uses
of these functions into equivalent new syntax.
The main motivation for removing these now is just to get this change made
prior to Terraform 1.0. as we'll be doing with various other deprecations.
However, a specific reason for these two functions in particular is that
their existence is what caused us to invent the idea of a "type expression"
as a distinct kind of expression in Terraform v0.12, and so removing them
now would allow potentially unifying type expressions with value
expressions in a future release.
We do not have any current specific plans to make that change, but one
potential motivation for doing so would be to take another attempt at a
generalized "convert" function which takes a type as one of its arguments.
Our previous attempt to implement such a function was foiled by the fact
that Terraform's expression validator doesn't have any way to know to
treat one argument of a particular function as special, and so it was
generating incorrect error messages. We won't necessarily do that, but
having these "list" and "map" functions out of the way leaves the option
open.
The documentation states that an explicit type conversion to set is needed, but it does not say why implicit type conversion does not work.
Co-authored-by: Nick Fagerlund <nick@hashicorp.com>
* The index must be non-negative integer
and added instructions on how to get the last value in the list.
* Typo fix
Co-authored-by: Nick Fagerlund <nick@hashicorp.com>
* Update module-registry-protocol.html.md
1: There is a mismatch in the segment labels for the version query URL (system vs provider)
2: There is a discrepancy between the documentation and the actual generated request for retrieving module source code (URL segments 4 vs 3)
- There is no segment for "provider"
* Update module-registry-protocol.html.md
Changed ```:system``` to ```:provider``` for versions and source API URLs
These pages are thoroughly obsolete. Later, we'll delete and redirect them; for
now, we'll make sure the relevant pages are front-and-center in the sidebar if
someone somehow ends up on here.
Several `terraform` subcommands include sub-sub-commands; with our old sidebar
system, viewing those took you to an isolated "island" nav sidebar, away from
the main docs. The new navigation will adopt all these pages, so we don't need
to exile the reader to odd places.
As of this commit, that layout doesn't exist yet, but I'm isolating the one-line
changes to their own commit to try and keep your eyes from glazing over.
We typically try to avoid making subjective, boasty claims in our
documentation in recent times, but there remained both some older
documentation that we've not recently revised and also some newer examples
that are, in retrospect, also perhaps more "boasty" than they need to be.
We prefer not to use this sort of boasty language because not everyone
using Terraform has the same background and experience, and so what is
"easy" or "intuitive" to one person may not be so to another person, and
that should not suggest that the second person is in any way wrong or
inadequate.
In reviewing some of our use of the word "easy" here I tried as much as
possible to surgically revise the existing content without getting drawn
into a big rewrite, but in some cases the content was either pretty
unsalvageable (due to talking about obsolete features that were removed
long ago) or required some broader changes to make the result hopefully
still get the same facts across. In those cases I've both removed some
content entirely or adjusted larger paragraphs.
This was not an exhaustive review and so I'm sure there's still plenty of
room for similar improvements elsewhere. I also resisted the urge to
update some pages that contain outdated information about currently-active
features.
My initial motivation here was to update the example output from
Terraform's top-level help list to match recent updates in the layout
and language used.
However, while here I took the opportunity to update some dated language
that was not consistent with our modern documentation writing style,
in particular including a totally unnecessary and potentially-alienating
claim that Terraform is "very easy to use". Our modern writing style
discourages this sort of "boastful" language and encourages us to focus on
the facts at hand.
This is an analog to the "alltrue" function, using OR as the reduce
operator rather than AND.
This also includes some simplification of the "alltrue" implementation
to implement it similarly as a sort of reduce operation with AND
as the reduce operator, but with the same effective behavior.
* Fixes#26684
* Update provider-requirements.html.md
Removing additional/extra newlines
* Update provider-requirements.html.md
And now some trailing spaces. le sigh
* Update config.html.md
When reading this page, I couldn't find the list of the "supported backends to the left". They're actually on a different page, so thought I'd update it so that others wouldn't find it confusing like me.
If this is ok with you, would it be possible to label this PR with 'hacktoberfest-accepted'? I'm still new to this. If not, I'd be alright. Thank you!
* Update config.html.md
Swapped the full URL in the link for a relative path
Co-authored-by: Petros Kolyvas <petros@hashicorp.com>
* ADD CLI option position for force-unlock command
* Update force-unlock.html.markdown
Made a change to also include the missing [DIR]
Co-authored-by: Petros Kolyvas <petros@hashicorp.com>
These were initially introduced as functions with "encode" and "decode"
prefixes, but that doesn't match with our existing convention of putting
the encoding format first so that the encode and decode functions will
group together in a alphabetically-ordered function list.
"text" is not really a defined serialization format, but it's a short word
that hopefully represents well enough what these functions are aiming to
encode and decode, while being consistent with existing functions like
jsonencode/jsondecode, yamlencode/yamldecode, etc.
The "base64" at the end here is less convincing because there is precedent
for that modifier to appear both at the beginning and the end in our
existing function names. I chose to put it at the end here because that
seems to be our emergent convention for situations where the base64
encoding is a sort of secondary modifier alongside the primary purpose
of the function, as we see with "filebase64". (base64gzip is an exception
here, but it seems outvoted by the others.)
For normal provider installation we want to associate each provider with
a selected version number and find a suitable package for that version
that conforms to the official hashes for that release.
Those requirements are very onerous for a provider developer currently
testing a not-yet-released build, though. To allow for that case this new
CLI configuration feature allows overriding specific providers to refer
to give local filesystem directories.
Any provider overridden in this way is not subject to the usual
restrictions about selected versions or checksum conformance, and
activating an override won't cause any changes to the selections recorded
in the lock file because it's intended to be a temporary setting for one
developer only.
This is, in a sense, a spiritual successor of an old capability we had to
override specific plugins in the CLI configuration file. There were
some vestiges of that left in the main package and CLI config package
but nothing has actually been honoring them for several versions now and
so this commit removes them to avoid confusion with the new mechanism.
This builds on an experimental feature in the underlying cty library which
allows marking specific attribtues of an object type constraint as
optional, which in turn modifies how the cty conversion package handles
missing attributes in a source value: it will silently substitute a null
value of the appropriate type rather than returning an error.
In order to implement the experiment this commit temporarily forks the
HCL typeexpr extension package into a local internal/typeexpr package,
where I've extended the type constraint syntax to allow annotating object
type attributes as being optional using the HCL function call syntax.
If the experiment is successful -- both at the Terraform layer and in
the underlying cty library -- we'll likely send these modifications to
upstream HCL so that other HCL-based languages can potentially benefit
from this new capability.
Because it's experimental, the optional attribute modifier is allowed only
with an explicit opt-in to the module_variable_optional_attrs experiment.
This includes both the main documentation about the lock file itself and
changes to related documentation about Terraform commands that interact
with the lock file.
We will likely continue to update this first pass of documentation as we
get feedback and questions during the prerelease period.
* website: Update all Learn crosslinks
The URL structure on Learn recently changed, so it's time to update some URLs.
Co-authored-by: Tu Nguyen <im2nguyen@users.noreply.github.com>
Move the information about state from the "caveats" to the main
info section, using similar information to sensitive outputs.
Updates the header of the section from similar inspiration.
We can remove the caveat about changing map elements.
Add a little more text about the intended use case for ignore_changes,
as the common case of fixing erroneous provider behavior should not be
the primary motivation for the maintenance of this feature.
* Put link to tutorial in its own section, call it a tutorial instead of guide, and use new canonical URL.
* Mention limitations of using import with a remote backed
* Typo fix
Co-authored-by: Nick Fagerlund <nick.fagerlund@gmail.com>
This commit adds an `alltrue` function to Terraform configuration. A
reason we might want this function is because it will enable more
powerful custom variable validations. For example:
```hcl
variable "amis" {
type = list(object({
id = string
}))
validation {
condition = (alltrue([
for a in var.amis : length(a.id) > 4 && substr(a.id, 0, 4) == "ami-"
]))
error_message = "The ID of at least one AMI was invalid."
}
}
```
For a credentials helper plugin to be useful with Terraform 0.13+, we
need to cope with the case of having no credentials for a host without
this being an error. This is to allow the public Terraform Registry to
be accessed without supplying a token.
The way to implement this is to respond to queries for credentials for a
host which has no credentials stored with an empty object and a success
exit code. This contradicts the previous documentation, which calls for
an error response in this case.
* Adding not about data-sources and depends-on for 0.12 users
* Bold
* A little more markdown
* A little more markdown for data_sources in 0.12
* Some iteration based on good feedback
In addition to the directories previously listed, Terraform looks in the
CLI config directory ($HOME/.terraform.d/plugins on macOS/Linux/UNIX,
and %APPDATA%/terraform.d/plugins on Windows). List this in the
documentation for clarity.
We also add a note about the working directory relative "vendor"
location, ./terraform.d/plugins.
The version argument is deprecated in Terraform v0.14 in favor of
required_providers and will be removed in a future version of terraform
(expected to be v0.15). The provider configuration documentation already
discourages use of 'version' inside provider configuration blocks, so it
only needed an extra note that it is actively deprecated.
This new option is intended to address the previous inconsistencies where
some older subcommands supported partially changing the target directory
(where Terraform would use the new directory inconsistently) where newer
commands did not support that override at all.
Instead, now Terraform will accept a -chdir command at the start of the
command line (before the subcommand) and will interpret it as a request
to direct all actions that would normally be taken in the current working
directory into the target directory instead. This is similar to options
offered by some other similar tools, such as the -C option in "make".
The new option is only accepted at the start of the command line (before
the subcommand) as a way to reflect that it is a global command (not
specific to a particular subcommand) and that it takes effect _before_
executing the subcommand. This also means it'll be forced to appear before
any other command-specific arguments that take file paths, which hopefully
communicates that those other arguments are interpreted relative to the
overridden path.
As a measure of pragmatism for existing uses, the path.cwd object in
the Terraform language will continue to return the _original_ working
directory (ignoring -chdir), in case that is important in some exceptional
workflows. The path.root object gives the root module directory, which
will always match the overriden working directory unless the user
simultaneously uses one of the legacy directory override arguments, which
is not a pattern we intend to support in the long run.
As a first step down the deprecation path, this commit adjusts the
documentation to de-emphasize the inconsistent old command line arguments,
including specific guidance on what to use instead for the main three
workflow commands, but all of those options remain supported in the same
way as they were before. In a later commit we'll make those arguments
produce a visible deprecation warning in Terraform's output, and then
in an even later commit we'll remove them entirely so that -chdir is the
single supported way to run Terraform from a directory other than the
one containing the root module configuration.
Martin Atkins