The new nav structure demanded a few new pages that give context about a feature
or workflow. In a few cases, they take text from an existing page.
Co-authored-by: Tu Nguyen <im2nguyen@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Judith Malnick <judith.patudith@gmail.com>
The HashiCorp engineering services team has set up APT and Yum
repositories as alternative installation methods for various HashiCorp
products, now including Terraform.
We don't really have a great place to talk about these in our current
website structure. There is a longer-term plan to revamp the downloads
page to include other options, but we are already getting lots of
questions about how to use these repositories and so my goal here is to
publish at least a first pass of documentation, linked from the Downloads
page sidebar as a placeholder for now, so we'll have somewhere to refer to
when answering such questions.
My intent is that even once we have a revamped Downloads page that
mentions these options more clearly, we'll still need to link out to
another page to talk about various details, and so the two new URLs this
creates would be the home of that content, even if we rewrite the specific
prose here to work better in the context of the new Downloads page.
The example configuration now uses Terraform 0.12+ syntax, and the
output examples are up to date with the current text UI. We also add an
explicit recommendation to use the `-json` option for a consistent and
stable output format, for use in automation.
Prior to Terraform 0.12 these two functions were the only way to construct
literal lists and maps (respectively) in HIL expressions. Terraform 0.12,
by switching to HCL 2, introduced first-class syntax for constructing
tuple and object values, which can then be converted into list and map
values using the tolist and tomap type conversion functions.
We marked both of these functions as deprecated in the Terraform v0.12
release and have since then mentioned in the docs that they will be
removed in a future Terraform version. The "terraform 0.12upgrade" tool
from Terraform v0.12 also included a rule to automatically rewrite uses
of these functions into equivalent new syntax.
The main motivation for removing these now is just to get this change made
prior to Terraform 1.0. as we'll be doing with various other deprecations.
However, a specific reason for these two functions in particular is that
their existence is what caused us to invent the idea of a "type expression"
as a distinct kind of expression in Terraform v0.12, and so removing them
now would allow potentially unifying type expressions with value
expressions in a future release.
We do not have any current specific plans to make that change, but one
potential motivation for doing so would be to take another attempt at a
generalized "convert" function which takes a type as one of its arguments.
Our previous attempt to implement such a function was foiled by the fact
that Terraform's expression validator doesn't have any way to know to
treat one argument of a particular function as special, and so it was
generating incorrect error messages. We won't necessarily do that, but
having these "list" and "map" functions out of the way leaves the option
open.
The documentation states that an explicit type conversion to set is needed, but it does not say why implicit type conversion does not work.
Co-authored-by: Nick Fagerlund <nick@hashicorp.com>
* The index must be non-negative integer
and added instructions on how to get the last value in the list.
* Typo fix
Co-authored-by: Nick Fagerlund <nick@hashicorp.com>
* Update module-registry-protocol.html.md
1: There is a mismatch in the segment labels for the version query URL (system vs provider)
2: There is a discrepancy between the documentation and the actual generated request for retrieving module source code (URL segments 4 vs 3)
- There is no segment for "provider"
* Update module-registry-protocol.html.md
Changed ```:system``` to ```:provider``` for versions and source API URLs
These pages are thoroughly obsolete. Later, we'll delete and redirect them; for
now, we'll make sure the relevant pages are front-and-center in the sidebar if
someone somehow ends up on here.
Several `terraform` subcommands include sub-sub-commands; with our old sidebar
system, viewing those took you to an isolated "island" nav sidebar, away from
the main docs. The new navigation will adopt all these pages, so we don't need
to exile the reader to odd places.
As of this commit, that layout doesn't exist yet, but I'm isolating the one-line
changes to their own commit to try and keep your eyes from glazing over.
We typically try to avoid making subjective, boasty claims in our
documentation in recent times, but there remained both some older
documentation that we've not recently revised and also some newer examples
that are, in retrospect, also perhaps more "boasty" than they need to be.
We prefer not to use this sort of boasty language because not everyone
using Terraform has the same background and experience, and so what is
"easy" or "intuitive" to one person may not be so to another person, and
that should not suggest that the second person is in any way wrong or
inadequate.
In reviewing some of our use of the word "easy" here I tried as much as
possible to surgically revise the existing content without getting drawn
into a big rewrite, but in some cases the content was either pretty
unsalvageable (due to talking about obsolete features that were removed
long ago) or required some broader changes to make the result hopefully
still get the same facts across. In those cases I've both removed some
content entirely or adjusted larger paragraphs.
This was not an exhaustive review and so I'm sure there's still plenty of
room for similar improvements elsewhere. I also resisted the urge to
update some pages that contain outdated information about currently-active
features.
My initial motivation here was to update the example output from
Terraform's top-level help list to match recent updates in the layout
and language used.
However, while here I took the opportunity to update some dated language
that was not consistent with our modern documentation writing style,
in particular including a totally unnecessary and potentially-alienating
claim that Terraform is "very easy to use". Our modern writing style
discourages this sort of "boastful" language and encourages us to focus on
the facts at hand.
This is an analog to the "alltrue" function, using OR as the reduce
operator rather than AND.
This also includes some simplification of the "alltrue" implementation
to implement it similarly as a sort of reduce operation with AND
as the reduce operator, but with the same effective behavior.
* Fixes#26684
* Update provider-requirements.html.md
Removing additional/extra newlines
* Update provider-requirements.html.md
And now some trailing spaces. le sigh
* Update config.html.md
When reading this page, I couldn't find the list of the "supported backends to the left". They're actually on a different page, so thought I'd update it so that others wouldn't find it confusing like me.
If this is ok with you, would it be possible to label this PR with 'hacktoberfest-accepted'? I'm still new to this. If not, I'd be alright. Thank you!
* Update config.html.md
Swapped the full URL in the link for a relative path
Co-authored-by: Petros Kolyvas <petros@hashicorp.com>
* ADD CLI option position for force-unlock command
* Update force-unlock.html.markdown
Made a change to also include the missing [DIR]
Co-authored-by: Petros Kolyvas <petros@hashicorp.com>
These were initially introduced as functions with "encode" and "decode"
prefixes, but that doesn't match with our existing convention of putting
the encoding format first so that the encode and decode functions will
group together in a alphabetically-ordered function list.
"text" is not really a defined serialization format, but it's a short word
that hopefully represents well enough what these functions are aiming to
encode and decode, while being consistent with existing functions like
jsonencode/jsondecode, yamlencode/yamldecode, etc.
The "base64" at the end here is less convincing because there is precedent
for that modifier to appear both at the beginning and the end in our
existing function names. I chose to put it at the end here because that
seems to be our emergent convention for situations where the base64
encoding is a sort of secondary modifier alongside the primary purpose
of the function, as we see with "filebase64". (base64gzip is an exception
here, but it seems outvoted by the others.)
For normal provider installation we want to associate each provider with
a selected version number and find a suitable package for that version
that conforms to the official hashes for that release.
Those requirements are very onerous for a provider developer currently
testing a not-yet-released build, though. To allow for that case this new
CLI configuration feature allows overriding specific providers to refer
to give local filesystem directories.
Any provider overridden in this way is not subject to the usual
restrictions about selected versions or checksum conformance, and
activating an override won't cause any changes to the selections recorded
in the lock file because it's intended to be a temporary setting for one
developer only.
This is, in a sense, a spiritual successor of an old capability we had to
override specific plugins in the CLI configuration file. There were
some vestiges of that left in the main package and CLI config package
but nothing has actually been honoring them for several versions now and
so this commit removes them to avoid confusion with the new mechanism.
This builds on an experimental feature in the underlying cty library which
allows marking specific attribtues of an object type constraint as
optional, which in turn modifies how the cty conversion package handles
missing attributes in a source value: it will silently substitute a null
value of the appropriate type rather than returning an error.
In order to implement the experiment this commit temporarily forks the
HCL typeexpr extension package into a local internal/typeexpr package,
where I've extended the type constraint syntax to allow annotating object
type attributes as being optional using the HCL function call syntax.
If the experiment is successful -- both at the Terraform layer and in
the underlying cty library -- we'll likely send these modifications to
upstream HCL so that other HCL-based languages can potentially benefit
from this new capability.
Because it's experimental, the optional attribute modifier is allowed only
with an explicit opt-in to the module_variable_optional_attrs experiment.
This includes both the main documentation about the lock file itself and
changes to related documentation about Terraform commands that interact
with the lock file.
We will likely continue to update this first pass of documentation as we
get feedback and questions during the prerelease period.
* website: Update all Learn crosslinks
The URL structure on Learn recently changed, so it's time to update some URLs.
Co-authored-by: Tu Nguyen <im2nguyen@users.noreply.github.com>
Move the information about state from the "caveats" to the main
info section, using similar information to sensitive outputs.
Updates the header of the section from similar inspiration.
We can remove the caveat about changing map elements.
Add a little more text about the intended use case for ignore_changes,
as the common case of fixing erroneous provider behavior should not be
the primary motivation for the maintenance of this feature.
* Put link to tutorial in its own section, call it a tutorial instead of guide, and use new canonical URL.
* Mention limitations of using import with a remote backed
* Typo fix
Co-authored-by: Nick Fagerlund <nick.fagerlund@gmail.com>
This commit adds an `alltrue` function to Terraform configuration. A
reason we might want this function is because it will enable more
powerful custom variable validations. For example:
```hcl
variable "amis" {
type = list(object({
id = string
}))
validation {
condition = (alltrue([
for a in var.amis : length(a.id) > 4 && substr(a.id, 0, 4) == "ami-"
]))
error_message = "The ID of at least one AMI was invalid."
}
}
```
For a credentials helper plugin to be useful with Terraform 0.13+, we
need to cope with the case of having no credentials for a host without
this being an error. This is to allow the public Terraform Registry to
be accessed without supplying a token.
The way to implement this is to respond to queries for credentials for a
host which has no credentials stored with an empty object and a success
exit code. This contradicts the previous documentation, which calls for
an error response in this case.
* Adding not about data-sources and depends-on for 0.12 users
* Bold
* A little more markdown
* A little more markdown for data_sources in 0.12
* Some iteration based on good feedback
In addition to the directories previously listed, Terraform looks in the
CLI config directory ($HOME/.terraform.d/plugins on macOS/Linux/UNIX,
and %APPDATA%/terraform.d/plugins on Windows). List this in the
documentation for clarity.
We also add a note about the working directory relative "vendor"
location, ./terraform.d/plugins.
The version argument is deprecated in Terraform v0.14 in favor of
required_providers and will be removed in a future version of terraform
(expected to be v0.15). The provider configuration documentation already
discourages use of 'version' inside provider configuration blocks, so it
only needed an extra note that it is actively deprecated.
This new option is intended to address the previous inconsistencies where
some older subcommands supported partially changing the target directory
(where Terraform would use the new directory inconsistently) where newer
commands did not support that override at all.
Instead, now Terraform will accept a -chdir command at the start of the
command line (before the subcommand) and will interpret it as a request
to direct all actions that would normally be taken in the current working
directory into the target directory instead. This is similar to options
offered by some other similar tools, such as the -C option in "make".
The new option is only accepted at the start of the command line (before
the subcommand) as a way to reflect that it is a global command (not
specific to a particular subcommand) and that it takes effect _before_
executing the subcommand. This also means it'll be forced to appear before
any other command-specific arguments that take file paths, which hopefully
communicates that those other arguments are interpreted relative to the
overridden path.
As a measure of pragmatism for existing uses, the path.cwd object in
the Terraform language will continue to return the _original_ working
directory (ignoring -chdir), in case that is important in some exceptional
workflows. The path.root object gives the root module directory, which
will always match the overriden working directory unless the user
simultaneously uses one of the legacy directory override arguments, which
is not a pattern we intend to support in the long run.
As a first step down the deprecation path, this commit adjusts the
documentation to de-emphasize the inconsistent old command line arguments,
including specific guidance on what to use instead for the main three
workflow commands, but all of those options remain supported in the same
way as they were before. In a later commit we'll make those arguments
produce a visible deprecation warning in Terraform's output, and then
in an even later commit we'll remove them entirely so that -chdir is the
single supported way to run Terraform from a directory other than the
one containing the root module configuration.
The subtle difference in keywords when creating vs. accessing locals trips
people up, even more than the "variable" vs. "var" distinction. It deserves its
own subheader on the page, plus a nice noisy callout.
I've just wasted an hour to two hours trying to find the problem to finally realize that although I declare a "locals" block, it's referred to as "local". This is pretty weird! So let's be be clear about this.
We previously had this just stubbed out because it was a stretch goal for
the v0.13.0 release and it ultimately didn't make it in.
Here we fill out the existing stub -- with a minor change to its interface
so it can access credentials -- with a client implementation that is
compatible with the directory structure produced by the
"terraform providers mirror" subcommand, were the result to be published
on a static file server.
- Edits to registry overview
- Add index link as 'overview' (header links are semi-invisible)
- move providers/overview.html to providers/index.html
- Edits to providers overview
- fix filename of os-arch
- edits to provider publishing
Terraform's design assumes that each remote object in Terraform's care is
bound to one resource instance and one alone. If the same object is bound
to multiple instances then confusing behavior will often result, such as
two resource configurations competing to update a single object, or
objects being "left behind" when all existing Terraform deployments are
destroyed.
This assumption was previously only implied, though. This change is an
attempt to be more explicit about it, although these are additions to some
older documentation sections that have not been revised for some time and
so this is just a best effort to make this information discoverable
without getting drawn into a full-on reorganization of these sections.
While revising this there were some particular oddities that I decided to
revise while I was there, but I'll leave a fuller revision of this older
content for a later commit when we have more time to review it in greater
detail.
* Make sidebar nav in language docs more intuitive
* Minor display fixes for registry docs
* Explain providers in the registry in the providers index
* Revise a bunch of language docs around provider reqs
This is mostly an effort to smooth out some of the explanations, make sure
things are presented in a helpful order, make sure terminology lines up, draw
connections between related concepts, make default behavior more apparent, and
the like. It shouldn't include very much new information, but there might be one
or two things that came out of a conversation somewhere.
Co-authored-by: Judith Malnick <judith@hashicorp.com>
As part of documenting the new module for_each capabilities we added a
section noting that shared modules using the legacy pattern of declaring
their own provider configurations would not be compatible with them.
However, that also applies to the new module depends_on and several folks
participating in the beta pointed out that the documentation wasn't
discussing that at all.
In order to generalize the advice, I've moved the old content we had
(since v0.11) recommending against provider configurations in shared
modules out into its own section, now being more explicit that it is
a legacy pattern and not recommended, and then folded the content about
for_each and count, now also including depends_on, into that expanded
section.
As is often the case, that had some knock-on effects on the content on
the rest of this page, so there's some general editing and reorganization
here. In particular, I moved the "Multiple Instances of a Module" section
much further up the page because it's content relevant to users of
shared modules, while the later content on this page is more aimed at
authors of shared modules, including the new section about the legacy
pattern.
* website: Terraform Registry Provider Publishing
* website: (Registry) remove OS/arch recommendation
Until we have a canonical list to point to
Co-authored-by: Paul Tyng <ptyng@hashicorp.com>
Co-authored-by: Paul Tyng <ptyng@hashicorp.com>
* command/init: return an error with invalid -backend-config files
The -backend-config flag expects a set of key-value pairs or a file
containing key-value pairs. If the file instead contains a full backend
configuration block, it was silently ignored. This commit adds a check
for blocks in the file and returns an error if they are encountered.
Fixes#24845
* emphasize backend configuration file in docs
* Azure backend: support snapshots/versioning
Co-authored-by: Reda Ahdjoudj <reda.ahdjoudj@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Patrick F. Marques <patrickfmarques@gmail.com>
* Azure backend: Versioning -> Snapshot
Co-authored-by: Reda Ahdjoudj <reda.ahdjoudj@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Patrick F. Marques <patrickfmarques@gmail.com>
Although this command is removed in Terraform 0.13, our documentation is
for all versions of Terraform that remain in common use and keeping this
documented will be helpful for folks who are still using Terraform 0.11
and planning their upgrades to Terraform 0.12.
Both of the upgrade commands now include notes that they are only
available in their specific major version, along with a link to the
relevant upgrade guide for other background information about the upgrade,
in case the user finds the command documentation first. (The command docs
are, I think, a little more discoverable than the upgrade guides.)
We previously covered everything about using providers on a single page,
but that was getting unwieldy already and we now have a lot more to
discuss with v0.13 introducing a new source address syntax and some other
concepts.
Here we split the provider-related content into two parts: "Provider
Requirements" covers how to find and declare dependencies on providers,
and then "Provider Configuration" (formerly just "Providers") then focuses
primarily on how to write zero or more provider configurations for a
particular provider.
Because "Provider Requirements" is now presented before "Provider
Configuration" in the navigation, I've also moved some of the introductory
content about providers in general onto the "Requirements" page. The
first paragraph of that content is duplicated onto the "Configuration"
page for discoverability, but we now link to the requirements page to get
the full story.
The "Configuration Language" section was becoming rather unweildy, both
by having a lot of pages and by some of the pages being quite large in
themselves.
This is a first step towards breaking things up a little more, starting
with two changes:
- The "Configuration Language" navigation is now split into two
sub-headings "Configuration Blocks" and "Syntax".
- Some of the information about sub-blocks of the "terraform" block are
now given their own pages, because their content is quite complex
in itself.
- "Version Constraints" is now a page in its own right, rather than this
content being duplicated in slightly different forms across multiple
contexts that make use of user-specified version constraints.
We previously had the module registry protocol documented only as an
undefined subset of the full API of the official registry implementation.
However, the vast majority of endpoints documented in the official API
docs are not needed for a headless third-party module registry that only
intends to make modules available to Terraform CLI.
To make this clearer to potential third-party implementors, and also for
consistency with how the provider registry protocol is now documented,
here we create a new page to describe the subset required for all
registries, and then explain in the docs for the offical API that
potential third-party implementors should refer to the new page instead.
The longer page describing the full API of the official implementations
remains for those who wish to write clients for that API, because it is
part of the API surface area for Terraform Cloud and Terraform Enterprise.
I also took this opportunity to address the fact that module addresses
don't really contain "provider names" at all, but rather than the fourth
field in the address is _conventionally_ an official provider name but
can really be any string that serves to differentiate multiple
implementations of the same abstraction. The new docs therefore refer to
this field as "system" rather than "provider".
Currently the example config for the Consul backend uses a live Consul demo cluster at `demo.consul.io`. This results in TF state with sensitive information and all being stored on a public site when users just copy and paste the config. This PR changes it so that the config address isn't the public demo cluster.
This new command is intended to make it easy to create or update a mirror
directory containing suitable providers for the current configuration,
producing a layout that is appropriate both for a filesystem mirror or,
if copied into the document root of an HTTP server, a network mirror.
This initial version is not customizable aside from being able to select
multiple platforms to install packages for.
Future iterations of this could include commands to turn the JSON index
generation on and off, or to instruct it to produce the unpacked directory
layout instead of the packed directory layout as it currently does. Both
of those options would make the generated directory unsuitable to be
a network mirror, but it would still work as a filesystem mirror.
In the long run this will hopefully form part of a replacement workflow to
terraform-bundle as a way to put copies of providers somewhere so we don't
need to re-download them every time, but some other changes will be needed
outside of just this command before that'd be true, such as adding support
for network and/or filesystem mirrors in Terraform Enterprise.
When helping folks in the community forum, I commonly see questions around
more complex patterns in transforming deep data structures into different
shapes to work with for_each. We have examples of these patterns in the
docs for the functions that they rely on, but they were not previously
very discoverable in the main configuration language documentation
sections.
Here I've moved the "Using Expressions in for_each" subsection on the
Resources page above some of the other sub-sections to hopefully make it
easier to see, and written out in more detail the two specific patterns
that answer a significant number of for_each-related user questions in
the hope that readers will be more likely to realize that the links are
relevant to what their goals.
I also added some more elaboration about the behavior of converting from
list to set in the "Using Sets" subsection, because this feature is often
a user's first encounter with the set data type and I've inferred from
some of the questions I've answered that a number of Terraform users don't
have prior experience with set data types in other languages to draw
assumptions from.
Finally, I added some similar links to the for_each patterns within the
for expression documentation itself, to try to make those examples more
visible to those who might be discovering the documentation in a different
sequence, e.g. by following a deep link shared in an answer to a question
in the community forum.
The "apply" documentation contained a simple typo, while the "plan"
documentation contained outdated information about using
"terraform plan PLANFILE" to view a plan. The latter is now a separate
command entirely, since Terraform 0.12: "terraform show PLANFILE".
This is a baby-step towards an intended future where all Terraform actions
which have side-effects in either remote objects or the Terraform state
can go through the plan+apply workflow.
This initial change is focused only on allowing plan+apply for changes to
root module output values, so that these can be written into a new state
snapshot (for consumption by terraform_remote_state elsewhere) without
having to go outside of the primary workflow by running
"terraform refresh".
This is also better than "terraform refresh" because it gives an
opportunity to review the proposed changes before applying them, as we're
accustomed to with resource changes.
The downside here is that Terraform Core was not designed to produce
accurate changesets for root module outputs. Although we added a place for
it in the plan model in Terraform 0.12, Terraform Core currently produces
inaccurate changesets there which don't properly track the prior values.
We're planning to rework Terraform Core's evaluation approach in a
forthcoming release so it would itself be able to distinguish between the
prior state and the planned new state to produce an accurate changeset,
but this commit introduces a temporary stop-gap solution of implementing
the logic up in the local backend code, where we can freeze a snapshot of
the prior state before we take any other actions and then use that to
produce an accurate output changeset to decide whether the plan has
externally-visible side-effects and render any changes to output values.
This temporary approach should be replaced by a more appropriately-placed
solution in Terraform Core in a release, which should then allow further
behaviors in similar vein, such as user-visible drift detection for
resource instances.
as with this version of this doc users receives a warning like this if them use quotes with parameters of 'on_failure' setting:
"
on_failure = "continue"
In this context, keywords are expected literally rather than in quotes.
Terraform 0.11 and earlier required quotes, but quoted keywords are now
deprecated and will be removed in a future version of Terraform. Remove the
quotes surrounding this keyword to silence this warning.
"
same with:
when = "destroy"
All of the feedback from the experiment described enhancements that can
potentially be added later without breaking changes, so this change simply
removes the experiment gate from the feature as originally implemented
with no changes to its functionality.
Further enhancements may follow in later releases, but the goal of this
change is just to ship the feature exactly as it was under the experiment.
Most of the changes here are cleaning up the experiment opt-ins from our
test cases. The most important parts are in configs/experiments.go and in
experiments/experiment.go .
* website: Edit text of new TF_IGNORE env var docs
Fixing one broken link, and tidying the sentences a bit.
* typo
Co-authored-by: Pam Selle <pam@hashicorp.com>
This example doesn't really show how these values should be used. The
default of retry_on_exit_code is now already when most people want, so
this line is not needed in most cases.
I think the docs describe the new options just fine, so lets leave this
out...
Kent 'picat' Gruber