This is part of a general effort to move all of Terraform's non-library
package surface under internal in order to reinforce that these are for
internal use within Terraform only.
If you were previously importing packages under this prefix into an
external codebase, you could pin to an earlier release tag as an interim
solution until you've make a plan to achieve the same functionality some
other way.
Previously the docs for this were rather confusing because they showed an
option to turn _on_ state locking, even though it's on by default.
Instead, we'll now show -lock=false in all cases and document it as
_disabling_ the default locking.
While working on this I also noticed that the equivalent docs on the
website were differently inconsistent. I've not made them fully consistent
here but at least moreso than they were before.
We now have RunningInAutomation has a general concern in views.View, so
we no longer need to specify it for each command-specific constructor
separately.
For this initial change I focused only on changing the exported interface
of the views package and let the command-specific views go on having their
own unexported fields containing a copy of the flag because it made this
change less invasive and I wasn't feeling sure yet about whether we
ought to have code within command-specific views directly access the
internals of views.View. However, maybe we'll simplify this further in
a later commit if we conclude that these copies of the flag are
burdensome.
The general version of this gets set directly inside the main package,
which might at some future point allow us to make the command package
itself unaware of this "running in automation" idea and thus reinforce
that it's intended as a presentation-only thing rather than as a
behavioral thing, but we'll save more invasive refactoring for another
day.
This allows a similar effect to pre-tainting an object but does the action
within the context of a normal plan and apply, avoiding the need for an
intermediate state where the old object still exists but is marked as
tainted.
The core functionality for this was already present, so this commit is
just the UI-level changes to make that option available for use and to
explain how it contributed to the resulting plan in Terraform's output.
So far we've only had "normal mode" and "destroy mode", where the latter
is activated either by "terraform plan -destroy" or "terraform destroy".
In preparation for introducing a third mode "refresh only" this
generalizes how we handle modes so we can potentially deal with an
arbitrary number of modes, although for now we only intend to have three.
Mostly this is just a different implementation of the same old behavior,
but there is one small user-visible difference here: the "terraform apply"
command now accepts a -destroy option, mirroring the option of the same
name on "terraform plan", which in turn makes "terraform destroy"
effectively a shorthand for "terraform apply -destroy".
This is intended to make us consistent that "terraform apply" without a
plan file argument accepts all of the same plan-customization options that
"terraform plan" does, which will in turn avoid us having to add a new
alias of "terraform plan" for each new plan mode we might add. The -help
output is changed in that vein here, although we'll wait for subsequent
commit to make a similar change to the website documentation just so we
can deal with the "refresh only mode" docs at the same time.
To ensure that the apply command can determine whether an operation is
executed locally or remotely, we add an IsLocalOperations method on the
remote backend. This returns the internal forceLocal boolean.
We also update this flag after checking if the corresponding remote
workspace is in local operations mode or not. This ensures that we know
if an operation is running locally (entirely on the practitioner's
machine), pseudo-locally (on a Terraform Cloud worker), or remotely
(executing on a worker, rendering locally).
Disabling the resource count and outputs rendering when the remote
backend is in use causes them to be omitted from Terraform Cloud runs.
This commit changes the condition to render these values if either the
remote backend is not in use, or the command is running in automation
via the TF_IN_AUTOMATION flag. As this is intended to be set by
Terraform Cloud and other remote backend implementations, this addresses
the problem.
Fix two bugs which surface when using the remote backend:
- When migrating to views, we removed the call to `(*Meta).process`
which initialized the color boolean. This resulted in the legacy UI
calls in the remote backend stripping color codes. To fix this, we
populate this boolean from the common arguments.
- Remote apply will output the resource summary and output changes, and
these are rendered via the remote backend streaming. We need to
special case this in the apply command and prevent displaying a
zero-change summary line.
Neither of these are coverable by automated tests, as we don't have any
command-package level testing for the remote backend. Manually verified.
We have these funny extra options that date back to before Terraform even
had remote state, which we've preserved along the way by most recently
incorporating them as special-case overrides for the local backend.
The documentation we had for these has grown less accurate over time as
the details have shifted, and was in many cases missing the requisite
caveats that they are only for the local backend and that backend
configuration is the modern, preferred way to deal with the use-cases they
were intended for.
We always have a bit of a tension with this sort of legacy option because
we want to keep them documented just enough to be useful to someone who
finds an existing script/etc using them and wants to know what they do,
but not to take up so much space that they might distract users from
finding the modern alternative they should consider instead.
As a compromise in that vein here I've created a new section about these
options under the local backend documentation, which then gives us the
space to go into some detail about the various behaviors and interactions
and also to discuss their history and our recommended alternatives. I then
simplified all of the other mentions of these in command documentation
to just link to or refer to the local backend documentation. My hope then
is that folks who need to know what these do can still find the docs, but
that information can be kept out of the direct path of new users so they
can focus on learning about remote backends instead.
This is certainly not the most ideal thing ever, but it seemed like the
best compromise between the competing priorities I described above.
The auto-approve argument was part of the arguments.Operation type,
which resulted in adding a silent -auto-approve flag to plan and
refresh. This was unintended, and is fixed in this commit by moving the
flag to the arguments.Apply type and updating the downstream callers.
This commit extracts the remaining UI logic from the local backend,
and removes access to the direct CLI output. This is replaced with an
instance of a `views.Operation` interface, which codifies the current
requirements for the local backend to interact with the user.
The exception to this at present is interactivity: approving a plan
still depends on the `UIIn` field for the backend. This is out of scope
for this commit and can be revisited separately, at which time the
`UIOut` field can also be removed.
Changes in support of this:
- Some instances of direct error output have been replaced with
diagnostics, most notably in the emergency state backup handler. This
requires reformatting the error messages to allow the diagnostic
renderer to line-wrap them;
- The "in-automation" logic has moved out of the backend and into the
view implementation;
- The plan, apply, refresh, and import commands instantiate a view and
set it on the `backend.Operation` struct, as these are the only code
paths which call the `local.Operation()` method that requires it;
- The show command requires the plan rendering code which is now in the
views package, so there is a stub implementation of a `views.Show`
interface there.
Other refactoring work in support of migrating these commands to the
common views code structure will come in follow-up PRs, at which point
we will be able to remove the UI instances from the unit tests for those
commands.
Move the code which renders Terraform hook callbacks as UI into the
views package, backed by a views.View instead of a cli.Ui. Update test
setup accordingly.
To allow commands to control this hook, we add a hooks member on the
backend Operation struct. This supersedes the hooks in the Terraform
context, which is not directly controlled by the command logic.
This commit should not change how Terraform works, and is refactoring in
preparation for more changes which move UI code out of the backend.
The enhanced backends (local and remote) need to be able to render
diagnostics during operations. Prior to this commit, this functionality
was supported with a per-backend `ShowDiagnostics` function pointer.
In order to allow users of these backends to control how diagnostics are
rendered, this commit moves that function pointer to the `Operation`
type. This means that a diagnostic renderer is configured for each
operation, rather than once per backend initialization.
Some secondary consequences of this change:
- The `ReportResult` method on the backend is now moved to the
`Operation` type, as it needs to access the `ShowDiagnostics` callback
(and nothing else from the backend);
- Tests which assumed that diagnostics would be written to the backend's
`cli.Ui` instance are migrated to using a new record/playback diags
helper function;
- Apply, plan, and refresh commands now pass a pointer to the `Meta`
struct's `showDiagnostics` method.
This commit should not change how Terraform works, and is refactoring in
preparation for more changes which move UI code out of the backend.
Terraform supports multiple output formats for several sub-commands.
The default format is user-readable text, but many sub-commands support
a `-json` flag to output a machine-readable format for the result. The
output command also supports a `-raw` flag for a simpler, scripting-
focused machine readable format.
This commit adds a "views" abstraction, intended to help ensure
consistency between the various output formats. This extracts the render
specific code from the command package, and moves it into a views
package. Each command is expected to create an interface for its view,
and one or more implementations of that interface.
By doing so, we separate the concerns of generating the sub-command
result from rendering the result in the specified output format. This
should make it easier to ensure that all output formats will be updated
together when changes occur in the result-generating phase.
There are some other consequences of this restructuring:
- Views now directly access the terminal streams, rather than the
now-redundant cli.Ui instance;
- With the reorganization of commands, parsing CLI arguments is now the
responsibility of a separate "arguments" package.
For now, views are added only for the output sub-command, as an example.
Because this command uses code which is shared with the apply and
refresh commands, those are also partially updated.
Errors encountered when parsing flags for apply, plan, and refresh were
being suppressed. This resulted in a generic usage error when using an
invalid `-target` flag.
This commit makes several changes to address this. First, these commands
now output the flag parse error before exiting, leaving at least some
hint about the error. You can verify this manually with something like:
terraform apply -invalid-flag
We also change how target attributes are parsed, moving the
responsibility from the flags instance to the command. This allows us to
customize the diagnostic output to be more user friendly. The
diagnostics now look like:
```shellsession
$ terraform apply -no-color -target=foo
Error: Invalid target "foo"
Resource specification must include a resource type and name.
```
Finally, we add test coverage for both parsing of target flags, and at
the command level for successful use of resource targeting. These tests
focus on the UI output (via the change summary and refresh logs), as the
functionality of targeting is covered by the context tests in the
terraform package.
The previous changes removing support for using the trailing positional
argument as a working directory missed a spot in the apply/destroy
command implementation. We still support this argument for applying a
saved plan:
terraform apply foo.tfplan
However, if you pass a positional path which doesn't "look like" a plan
(for example, the path to a configuration directory), Terraform would
silently ignore it and continue.
This commit fixes that by adding an error message if the user specifies
a path which the plan loader rejects as not "looking like" a plan. This
message includes a reference to the `-chdir` flag as a pointer about
what to do next.
We also rearrange the error message when calling `terraform destroy`
with a plan file argument, and add test coverage for the above. While
we're here, update the destroy tests to copy the fixture directory,
chdir, and defer cleanup.
This dramatically simplifies the logic around auto-approve, which is
nice.
Also add test coverage for the manual approve step, for both apply and
destroy, answering both yes and no.
Several commands continued to support the legacy positional path
argument to specify a working directory. This functionality has been
replaced with the global -chdir flag, which is specified before any
other arguments, including the sub-command name.
This commit removes support for the trailing path parameter from
most commands. The only command which still supports a path argument is
fmt, which also supports "-" to indicate receiving configuration from
standard input.
Any invocation of a command with an invalid trailing path parameter will
result in a short error message, pointing at the -chdir alternative.
There are many test updates in this commit, almost all of which are
migrations from using positional arguments to specify a working
directory. Because of the layer at which these tests run, we are unable
to use the -chdir argument, so the churn in test files is larger than
ideal. Sorry!
CountHook is an implementation of terraform.Hook which is used to
calculate how many resources were added, changed, or destroyed during an
apply. This hook was previously injected in the local backend code,
which means that the apply command code has no access to these counts.
This commit moves the CountHook code into the command package, and
removes an unused instance of the hook in the plan code path. The goal
here is moving UI code into the command package.
The -module flag to terraform output has been unimplemented since 0.12.
This commit removes some dead code and the specific error message for
this flag.
The website documentation for output does not mention this flag, so it
is unchanged.
The short description of our commands (as shown in the main help output
from "terraform") was previously very inconsistent, using different
tense/mood for different commands. Some of the commands were also using
some terminology choices inconsistent with how we currently talk about
the related ideas in our documentation.
Here I've tried to add some consistency by first rewriting them all in
the imperative mood (except the ones that just are just subcommand
groupings), and tweaking some of the terminology to hopefully gel better
with how we present similar ideas in our recently-updated docs.
While working on this I inevitably spotted some similar inconsistencies
in the longer-form help output of some of the commands. I've not reviewed
all of these for consistency, but I did update some where the wording
was either left inconsstent with the short form changes I'd made or
where the prose stood out to me as particularly inconsistent with our
current usual documentation language style.
All of this is subjective, so I expect we'll continue to tweak these over
time as we continue to develop our documentation writing style based on
user questions and feedback.
For normal provider installation we want to associate each provider with
a selected version number and find a suitable package for that version
that conforms to the official hashes for that release.
Those requirements are very onerous for a provider developer currently
testing a not-yet-released build, though. To allow for that case this new
CLI configuration feature allows overriding specific providers to refer
to give local filesystem directories.
Any provider overridden in this way is not subject to the usual
restrictions about selected versions or checksum conformance, and
activating an override won't cause any changes to the selections recorded
in the lock file because it's intended to be a temporary setting for one
developer only.
This is, in a sense, a spiritual successor of an old capability we had to
override specific plugins in the CLI configuration file. There were
some vestiges of that left in the main package and CLI config package
but nothing has actually been honoring them for several versions now and
so this commit removes them to avoid confusion with the new mechanism.
Use a slightly modified value renderer from terraform-provider-testing
to display values in the console REPL, as well as outputs from the apply
and outputs subcommands.
Derived from code in this repository, MIT licensed:
https://github.com/apparentlymart/terraform-provider-testing
Note that this is technically a breaking change for the console
subcommand, which would previously error if the user attempted to render
an unknown value (such as an unset variable). This was marked as an
unintentional side effect, with the goal being the new behaviour of
rendering "(unknown)", which is why I changed the behaviour in this
commit.
The positional argument passed to apply was once used to specify a
source for a Terraform module to fetch and initialize (#337). This
functionality was removed from the init command later (#15032) but not
completely removed from apply.
This code was non-functional but largely not harmful, except for a very
specific case: when passing an absolute path to a plan file as the
positional argument on Windows, the getter.Detect code would incorrectly
interpret the path as a URL. This caused init to fail and the apply
command would exit with code 1 but without diagnostics.
This commit removes this codepath, which fixes this bug, and should
otherwise have no effect on the supported behaviour of apply.
When warnings appear in isolation (not accompanied by an error) it's
reasonable to want to defer resolving them for a while because they are
not actually blocking immediate work.
However, our warning messages tend to be long by default in order to
include all of the necessary context to understand the implications of
the warning, and that can make them overwhelming when combined with other
output.
As a compromise, this adds a new CLI option -compact-warnings which is
supported for all the main operation commands and which uses a more
compact format to print out warnings as long as they aren't also
accompanied by errors.
The default remains unchanged except that the threshold for consolidating
warning messages is reduced to one so that we'll now only show one of
each distinct warning summary.
Full warning messages are always shown if there's at least one error
included in the diagnostic set too, because in that case the warning
message could contain additional context to help understand the error.
A lot of commands used `c.Meta.flagSet()` to create the initial flagset for the command, while quite a few of them didn’t actually use or support the flags that are then added.
So I updated a few commands to use `flag.NewFlagSet()` instead to only add the flags that are actually needed/supported.
Additionally this prevents a few commands from using locking while they actually don’t need locking (as locking is enabled as a default in `c.Meta.flagSet()`.
This reinstates an old behavior that was lost in the reorganization of how
we deal with the -var and -var-file options.
This fix is verified by TestApply_planVars now passing.
We temporarily disabled this because it needed some further work to update
it for the new state models, which has now been done.
We no longer need the configuration objects for the outputs because the
state itself contains all of the information needed for displaying these.
We previously stubbed most of this out because it hadn't yet been updated
to support the new state types, etc.
This restores all of the previous behavior as covered by the tests.
We intentionally remove one behavior that was not covered by the tests:
we used to allow retrieval of outputs from non-root modules using the
-module option, but since we no longer persist non-root outputs in the
state we can no longer support this without a full expression evaluation
walk, and that'd be overkill for this otherwise-simple command. Descendant
module outputs are not part of the public interface of a configuration
anyway, so accessing them from outside in this way is an anti-pattern.
(For debugging scenarios it is still possible to access these from
"terraform console", which _does_ do a full evaluation graph walk to
prepare its evaluation scope.)
This connects a missing link left by earlier refactoring: the command
package is responsible for gathering up variable values provided by the
user and passing them through to the backend to use in operations.
Due to how often the state and plan types are referenced throughout
Terraform, there isn't a great way to switch them out gradually. As a
consequence, this huge commit gets us from the old world to a _compilable_
new world, but still has a large number of known test failures due to
key functionality being stubbed out.
The stubs here are for anything that interacts with providers, since we
now need to do the follow-up work to similarly replace the old
terraform.ResourceProvider interface with its replacement in the new
"providers" package. That work, along with work to fix the remaining
failing tests, will follow in subsequent commits.
The aim here was to replace all references to terraform.State and its
downstream types with states.State, terraform.Plan with plans.Plan,
state.State with statemgr.State, and switch to the new implementations of
the state and plan file formats. However, due to the number of times those
types are used, this also ended up affecting numerous other parts of core
such as terraform.Hook, the backend.Backend interface, and most of the CLI
commands.
Just as with 5861dbf3fc49b19587a31816eb06f511ab861bb4 before, I apologize
in advance to the person who inevitably just found this huge commit while
spelunking through the commit history.
Due to how deeply the configuration types go into Terraform Core, there
isn't a great way to switch out to HCL2 gradually. As a consequence, this
huge commit gets us from the old state to a _compilable_ new state, but
does not yet attempt to fix any tests and has a number of known missing
parts and bugs. We will continue to iterate on this in forthcoming
commits, heading back towards passing tests and making Terraform
fully-functional again.
The three main goals here are:
- Use the configuration models from the "configs" package instead of the
older models in the "config" package, which is now deprecated and
preserved only to help us write our migration tool.
- Do expression inspection and evaluation using the functionality of the
new "lang" package, instead of the Interpolator type and related
functionality in the main "terraform" package.
- Represent addresses of various objects using types in the addrs package,
rather than hand-constructed strings. This is not critical to support
the above, but was a big help during the implementation of these other
points since it made it much more explicit what kind of address is
expected in each context.
Since our new packages are built to accommodate some future planned
features that are not yet implemented (e.g. the "for_each" argument on
resources, "count"/"for_each" on modules), and since there's still a fair
amount of functionality still using old-style APIs, there is a moderate
amount of shimming here to connect new assumptions with old, hopefully in
a way that makes it easier to find and eliminate these shims later.
I apologize in advance to the person who inevitably just found this huge
commit while spelunking through the commit history.
This is a rather-messy, complex change to get the "command" package
building again against the new backend API that was updated for
the new configuration loader.
A lot of this is mechanical rewriting to the new API, but
meta_config.go and meta_backend.go in particular saw some major
changes to interface with the new loader APIs and to deal with
the change in order of steps in the backend API.
In some cases this is needed to keep the UX clean and to make sure any remote exit codes are passed through to the local process.
The most obvious example for this is when using the "remote" backend. This backend runs Terraform remotely and stream the output back to the local terminal.
When an error occurs during the remote execution, all the needed error information will already be in the streamed output. So if we then return an error ourselves, users will get the same errors twice.
By allowing the backend to specify the correct exit code, the UX remains the same while preserving the correct exit codes.
If the user wishes to interrupt the running operation, only the first
interrupt was communicated to the operation by canceling the provided
context. A second interrupt would start the shutdown process, but not
communicate this to the running operation. This order of event could
cause partial writes of state.
What would happen is that once the command returns, the plugin system
would stop the provider processes. Once the provider processes dies, all
pending Eval operations would return return with an error, and quickly
cause the operation to complete. Since the backend code didn't know that
the process was shutting down imminently, it would continue by
attempting to write out the last known state. Under the right
conditions, the process would exit part way through the writing of the
state file.
Add Stop and Cancel CancelFuncs to the RunningOperation, to allow it to
easily differentiate between the two signals. The backend will then be
able to detect a shutdown and abort more gracefully.
In order to ensure that the backend is not in the process of writing the
state out, the command will always attempt to wait for the process to
complete after cancellation.
Since an early version of Terraform, the `destroy` command has always
had the `-force` flag to allow an auto approval of the interactive
prompt. 0.11 introduced `-auto-approve` as default to `false` when using
the `apply` command.
The `-auto-approve` flag was introduced to reduce ambiguity of it's
function, but the `-force` flag was never updated for a destroy.
People often use wrappers when automating commands in Terraform, and the
inconsistency between `apply` and `destroy` means that additional logic
must be added to the wrappers to do similar functions. Both commands are
more or less able to run with similar syntax, and also heavily share
their code.
This commit updates the command in `destroy` to use the `-auto-approve` flag
making working with the Terraform CLI a more consistent experience.
We leave in `-force` in `destroy` for the time-being and flag it as
deprecated to ensure a safe switchover period.
Martin Atkins