In order to be able to predict a result type even if arguments are not yet
known, coalesce requires all of its arguments to be of the same type. Our
usual automatic conversion rules mean that in some cases the result is
a silent type conversion rather than an explicit error, so we'll at least
document that so that folks who encounter it can understand what is
causing the likely-surprising behavior.
If we were building this function over again today I expect we'd make it
always return an error under type mismatch, but to do so now would be a
breaking change and the potential cost of that seems too high for
something that doesn't seem to arise incredibly often in practice.
This is a new part of the existing module_variable_optional_attrs
experiment, because it's intended to complement the ability to declare
an input variable whose type constraint is an object type with optional
attributes. Module authors can use this to replace null values (that were
either explicitly set or implied by attribute omission) with other
non-null values of the same type.
This function is a bit more type-fussy than our functions typically are
because it's intended for use primarily with input variables that have
fully-specified type constraints, and thus it uses that type information
to help inform how the defaults data structure should be interpreted.
Other uses of this function will probably be harder today because it takes
a lot of extra annotation to build a value of a specific type if it isn't
passing through a variable type constraint. Perhaps later language
features for more general type conversion will make this more applicable,
but for now the more general form of this problem is better solved other
ways.
Prior to Terraform 0.12 these two functions were the only way to construct
literal lists and maps (respectively) in HIL expressions. Terraform 0.12,
by switching to HCL 2, introduced first-class syntax for constructing
tuple and object values, which can then be converted into list and map
values using the tolist and tomap type conversion functions.
We marked both of these functions as deprecated in the Terraform v0.12
release and have since then mentioned in the docs that they will be
removed in a future Terraform version. The "terraform 0.12upgrade" tool
from Terraform v0.12 also included a rule to automatically rewrite uses
of these functions into equivalent new syntax.
The main motivation for removing these now is just to get this change made
prior to Terraform 1.0. as we'll be doing with various other deprecations.
However, a specific reason for these two functions in particular is that
their existence is what caused us to invent the idea of a "type expression"
as a distinct kind of expression in Terraform v0.12, and so removing them
now would allow potentially unifying type expressions with value
expressions in a future release.
We do not have any current specific plans to make that change, but one
potential motivation for doing so would be to take another attempt at a
generalized "convert" function which takes a type as one of its arguments.
Our previous attempt to implement such a function was foiled by the fact
that Terraform's expression validator doesn't have any way to know to
treat one argument of a particular function as special, and so it was
generating incorrect error messages. We won't necessarily do that, but
having these "list" and "map" functions out of the way leaves the option
open.
* The index must be non-negative integer
and added instructions on how to get the last value in the list.
* Typo fix
Co-authored-by: Nick Fagerlund <nick@hashicorp.com>
As of this commit, that layout doesn't exist yet, but I'm isolating the one-line
changes to their own commit to try and keep your eyes from glazing over.
This is an analog to the "alltrue" function, using OR as the reduce
operator rather than AND.
This also includes some simplification of the "alltrue" implementation
to implement it similarly as a sort of reduce operation with AND
as the reduce operator, but with the same effective behavior.
These were initially introduced as functions with "encode" and "decode"
prefixes, but that doesn't match with our existing convention of putting
the encoding format first so that the encode and decode functions will
group together in a alphabetically-ordered function list.
"text" is not really a defined serialization format, but it's a short word
that hopefully represents well enough what these functions are aiming to
encode and decode, while being consistent with existing functions like
jsonencode/jsondecode, yamlencode/yamldecode, etc.
The "base64" at the end here is less convincing because there is precedent
for that modifier to appear both at the beginning and the end in our
existing function names. I chose to put it at the end here because that
seems to be our emergent convention for situations where the base64
encoding is a sort of secondary modifier alongside the primary purpose
of the function, as we see with "filebase64". (base64gzip is an exception
here, but it seems outvoted by the others.)
This commit adds an `alltrue` function to Terraform configuration. A
reason we might want this function is because it will enable more
powerful custom variable validations. For example:
```hcl
variable "amis" {
type = list(object({
id = string
}))
validation {
condition = (alltrue([
for a in var.amis : length(a.id) > 4 && substr(a.id, 0, 4) == "ami-"
]))
error_message = "The ID of at least one AMI was invalid."
}
}
```
All of the feedback from the experiment described enhancements that can
potentially be added later without breaking changes, so this change simply
removes the experiment gate from the feature as originally implemented
with no changes to its functionality.
Further enhancements may follow in later releases, but the goal of this
change is just to ship the feature exactly as it was under the experiment.
Most of the changes here are cleaning up the experiment opt-ins from our
test cases. The most important parts are in configs/experiments.go and in
experiments/experiment.go .
Previously the templatefile function would permit any arbitrary string as
a variable name, but due to the HCL template syntax it would be impossible
to refer to one that isn't a valid HCL identifier without causing an
HCL syntax error.
The HCL syntax errors are correct, but don't really point to the root
cause of the problem. Instead, we'll pre-verify that the variable names
are valid before we even try to render the template, and given a
specialized error message that refers to the vars argument expression as
the problematic part, which will hopefully make the resolution path
clearer for a user encountering this situation.
The syntax error still remains for situations where all of the variable
names are correct but e.g. the user made a typo referring to one, which
makes sense because in that case the problem _is_ inside the template.
* add setdifference and setsubtract functions and docs
* remove setdifference as it is not implemented correct in underlying lib
* Update setintersection.html.md
* Update setproduct.html.md
* Update setunion.html.md
The existing "type" argument allows specifying a type constraint that
allows for some basic validation, but often there are more constraints on
a variable value than just its type.
This new feature (requiring an experiment opt-in for now, while we refine
it) allows specifying arbitrary validation rules for any variable which
can then cause custom error messages to be returned when a caller provides
an inappropriate value.
variable "example" {
validation {
condition = var.example != "nope"
error_message = "Example value must not be \"nope\"."
}
}
The core parts of this are designed to do as little new work as possible
when no validations are specified, and thus the main new checking codepath
here can therefore only run when the experiment is enabled in order to
permit having validations.
These are intended to make it easier to work with arbitrary data
structures whose shape might not be known statically, such as the result
of jsondecode(...) or yamldecode(...) of data from a separate system.
For example, in an object value which has attributes that may or may not
be set we can concisely provide a fallback value to use when the attribute
isn't set:
try(local.example.foo, "fallback-foo")
Using a "try to evaluate" model rather than explicit testing fits better
with the usual programming model of the Terraform language where values
are normally automatically converted to the necessary type where possible:
the given expression is subject to all of the same normal type conversions,
which avoids inadvertently creating a more restrictive evaluation model
as might happen if this were handled using checks like a hypothetical
isobject(...) function, etc.
It's a common source of errors to try to produce JSON or YAML syntax
using string concatenation via our template language but to miss some
details like correct string escaping, quoting, required commas, etc.
The jsonencode and yamlencode functions are a better way to generate JSON
and YAML, but it's not immediately obvious that both of these functions
are available for use in external templates (via templatefile) too.
Given that questions related to this come up a lot in our community forum
and elsewhere, it seems worth having a documentation section to show the
pattern of having a template that consists only of a single function call.
Petros Kolyvas