updated ssh authentication and testing for ssh

communicator/ssh/communicator.go

@@ -125,11 +125,13 @@ func (c *Communicator) Connect(o terraform.UIOutput) (err error) {
 				"  User: %s\n"+
 				"  Password: %t\n"+
 				"  Private key: %t\n"+
+				"  Certificate: %t\n"+
 				"  SSH Agent: %t\n"+
 				"  Checking Host Key: %t",
 			c.connInfo.Host, c.connInfo.User,
 			c.connInfo.Password != "",
 			c.connInfo.PrivateKey != "",
+			c.connInfo.Certificate != "",
 			c.connInfo.Agent,
 			c.connInfo.HostKey != "",
 		))

communicator/ssh/communicator_test.go

@@ -58,10 +58,10 @@ const testServerHostCert = `ssh-rsa-cert-v01@openssh.com AAAAHHNzaC1yc2EtY2VydC1
 
 const testCAPublicKey = `ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQCrozyZIhdEvalCn+eSzHH94cO9ykiywA13ntWI7mJcHBwYTeCYWG8E9zGXyp2iDOjCGudM0Tdt8o0OofKChk9Z/qiUN0G8y1kmaXBlBM3qA5R9NPpvMYMNkYLfX6ivtZCnqrsbzaoqN2Oc/7H2StHzJWh/XCGu9otQZA6vdv1oSmAsZOjw/xIGaGQqDUaLq21J280PP1qSbdJHf76iSHE+TWe3YpqV946JWM5tCh0DykZ10VznvxYpUjzhr07IN3tVKxOXbPnnU7lX6IaLIWgfzLqwSyheeux05c3JLF9iF4sFu8ou4hwQz1iuUTU1jxgwZP0w/bkXgFFs0949lW81`
 
-func newMockLineServer(t *testing.T, signer ssh.Signer) string {
+func newMockLineServer(t *testing.T, signer ssh.Signer, pubKey string) string {
 	serverConfig := &ssh.ServerConfig{
 		PasswordCallback:  acceptUserPass("user", "pass"),
-		PublicKeyCallback: acceptPublicKey(testClientPublicKey),
+		PublicKeyCallback: acceptPublicKey(pubKey),
 	}
 
 	var err error
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ func newMockLineServer(t *testing.T, signer ssh.Signer) string {
 }
 
 func TestNew_Invalid(t *testing.T) {
-	address := newMockLineServer(t, nil)
+	address := newMockLineServer(t, nil, testClientPublicKey)
 	parts := strings.Split(address, ":")
 
 	r := &terraform.InstanceState{
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ func TestNew_Invalid(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestStart(t *testing.T) {
-	address := newMockLineServer(t, nil)
+	address := newMockLineServer(t, nil, testClientPublicKey)
 	parts := strings.Split(address, ":")
 
 	r := &terraform.InstanceState{
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ func TestStart(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestLostConnection(t *testing.T) {
-	address := newMockLineServer(t, nil)
+	address := newMockLineServer(t, nil, testClientPublicKey)
 	parts := strings.Split(address, ":")
 
 	r := &terraform.InstanceState{
@@ -229,11 +229,11 @@ func TestHostKey(t *testing.T) {
 	// get the server's public key
 	signer, err := ssh.ParsePrivateKey([]byte(testServerPrivateKey))
 	if err != nil {
-		panic("unable to parse private key: " + err.Error())
+		t.Fatalf("unable to parse private key: %v", err)
 	}
 	pubKey := fmt.Sprintf("ssh-rsa %s", base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(signer.PublicKey().Marshal()))
 
-	address := newMockLineServer(t, nil)
+	address := newMockLineServer(t, nil, testClientPublicKey)
 	host, p, _ := net.SplitHostPort(address)
 	port, _ := strconv.Atoi(p)
 
@@ -269,7 +269,7 @@ func TestHostKey(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	// now check with the wrong HostKey
-	address = newMockLineServer(t, nil)
+	address = newMockLineServer(t, nil, testClientPublicKey)
 	_, p, _ = net.SplitHostPort(address)
 	port, _ = strconv.Atoi(p)
 
@@ -308,7 +308,7 @@ func TestHostCert(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 
-	address := newMockLineServer(t, signer)
+	address := newMockLineServer(t, signer, testClientPublicKey)
 	host, p, _ := net.SplitHostPort(address)
 	port, _ := strconv.Atoi(p)
 
@@ -344,7 +344,7 @@ func TestHostCert(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	// now check with the wrong HostKey
-	address = newMockLineServer(t, signer)
+	address = newMockLineServer(t, signer, testClientPublicKey)
 	_, p, _ = net.SplitHostPort(address)
 	port, _ = strconv.Atoi(p)
 
@@ -367,6 +367,105 @@ func TestHostCert(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+const SERVER_PEM = `-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----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+-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
+`
+const CLIENT_CERT_SIGNED_BY_SERVER = `ssh-rsa-cert-v01@openssh.com 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 itbitloaner@MacBook-Pro-4.fios-router.home`
+const CLIENT_PEM = `-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----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+-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
+`
+
+func TestCertificateBasedAuth(t *testing.T) {
+	signer, err := ssh.ParsePrivateKey([]byte(SERVER_PEM))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unable to parse private key: %v", err)
+	}
+	address := newMockLineServer(t, signer, CLIENT_CERT_SIGNED_BY_SERVER)
+	host, p, _ := net.SplitHostPort(address)
+	port, _ := strconv.Atoi(p)
+
+	connInfo := &connectionInfo{
+		User:        "user",
+		Host:        host,
+		PrivateKey:  CLIENT_PEM,
+		Certificate: CLIENT_CERT_SIGNED_BY_SERVER,
+		Port:        port,
+		Timeout:     "30s",
+	}
+
+	cfg, err := prepareSSHConfig(connInfo)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	c := &Communicator{
+		connInfo: connInfo,
+		config:   cfg,
+	}
+
+	var cmd remote.Cmd
+	stdout := new(bytes.Buffer)
+	cmd.Command = "echo foo"
+	cmd.Stdout = stdout
+
+	if err := c.Start(&cmd); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := c.Disconnect(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestAccUploadFile(t *testing.T) {
 	// use the local ssh server and scp binary to check uploads
 	if ok := os.Getenv("SSH_UPLOAD_TEST"); ok == "" {
@@ -572,11 +671,12 @@ func acceptUserPass(goodUser, goodPass string) func(ssh.ConnMetadata, []byte) (*
 }
 
 func acceptPublicKey(keystr string) func(ssh.ConnMetadata, ssh.PublicKey) (*ssh.Permissions, error) {
-	goodkey, _, _, _, err := ssh.ParseAuthorizedKey([]byte(keystr))
-	if err != nil {
-		panic(fmt.Errorf("error parsing key: %s", err))
-	}
 	return func(_ ssh.ConnMetadata, inkey ssh.PublicKey) (*ssh.Permissions, error) {
+		goodkey, _, _, _, err := ssh.ParseAuthorizedKey([]byte(keystr))
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("error parsing key: %v", err)
+		}
+
 		if bytes.Equal(inkey.Marshal(), goodkey.Marshal()) {
 			return nil, nil
 		}

communicator/ssh/provisioner.go

@@ -41,16 +41,17 @@ const (
 // only keys we look at. If a PrivateKey is given, that is used instead
 // of a password.
 type connectionInfo struct {
-	User       string
+	User        string
-	Password   string
+	Password    string
-	PrivateKey string `mapstructure:"private_key"`
+	PrivateKey  string `mapstructure:"private_key"`
-	Host       string
+	Certificate string `mapstructure:"certificate"`
-	HostKey    string `mapstructure:"host_key"`
+	Host        string
-	Port       int
+	HostKey     string `mapstructure:"host_key"`
-	Agent      bool
+	Port        int
-	Timeout    string
+	Agent       bool
-	ScriptPath string        `mapstructure:"script_path"`
+	Timeout     string
-	TimeoutVal time.Duration `mapstructure:"-"`
+	ScriptPath  string        `mapstructure:"script_path"`
+	TimeoutVal  time.Duration `mapstructure:"-"`
 
 	BastionUser       string `mapstructure:"bastion_user"`
 	BastionPassword   string `mapstructure:"bastion_password"`
@@ -151,12 +152,13 @@ func prepareSSHConfig(connInfo *connectionInfo) (*sshConfig, error) {
 	host := fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", connInfo.Host, connInfo.Port)
 
 	sshConf, err := buildSSHClientConfig(sshClientConfigOpts{
-		user:       connInfo.User,
+		user:        connInfo.User,
-		host:       host,
+		host:        host,
-		privateKey: connInfo.PrivateKey,
+		privateKey:  connInfo.PrivateKey,
-		password:   connInfo.Password,
+		password:    connInfo.Password,
-		hostKey:    connInfo.HostKey,
+		hostKey:     connInfo.HostKey,
-		sshAgent:   sshAgent,
+		certificate: connInfo.Certificate,
+		sshAgent:    sshAgent,
 	})
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -192,12 +194,13 @@ func prepareSSHConfig(connInfo *connectionInfo) (*sshConfig, error) {
 }
 
 type sshClientConfigOpts struct {
-	privateKey string
+	privateKey  string
-	password   string
+	password    string
-	sshAgent   *sshAgent
+	sshAgent    *sshAgent
-	user       string
+	certificate string
-	host       string
+	user        string
-	hostKey    string
+	host        string
+	hostKey     string
 }
 
 func buildSSHClientConfig(opts sshClientConfigOpts) (*ssh.ClientConfig, error) {
@@ -235,11 +238,23 @@ func buildSSHClientConfig(opts sshClientConfigOpts) (*ssh.ClientConfig, error) {
 	}
 
 	if opts.privateKey != "" {
-		pubKeyAuth, err := readPrivateKey(opts.privateKey)
+		if opts.certificate != "" {
-		if err != nil {
+			log.Println("using client certificate for authentication")
-			return nil, err
+
+			certSigner, err := signCertWithPrivateKey(opts.privateKey, opts.certificate)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			conf.Auth = append(conf.Auth, certSigner)
+		} else {
+			log.Println("using private key for authentication")
+
+			pubKeyAuth, err := readPrivateKey(opts.privateKey)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			conf.Auth = append(conf.Auth, pubKeyAuth)
 		}
-		conf.Auth = append(conf.Auth, pubKeyAuth)
 	}
 
 	if opts.password != "" {
@@ -255,6 +270,31 @@ func buildSSHClientConfig(opts sshClientConfigOpts) (*ssh.ClientConfig, error) {
 	return conf, nil
 }
 
+// Create a Cert Signer and return ssh.AuthMethod
+func signCertWithPrivateKey(pk string, certificate string) (ssh.AuthMethod, error) {
+	rawPk, err := ssh.ParseRawPrivateKey([]byte(pk))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse private key %q: %s", pk, err)
+	}
+
+	pcert, _, _, _, err := ssh.ParseAuthorizedKey([]byte(certificate))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse certificate %q: %s", certificate, err)
+	}
+
+	usigner, err := ssh.NewSignerFromKey(rawPk)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create signer from raw private key %q: %s", rawPk, err)
+	}
+
+	ucertSigner, err := ssh.NewCertSigner(pcert.(*ssh.Certificate), usigner)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create cert signer %q: %s", usigner, err)
+	}
+
+	return ssh.PublicKeys(ucertSigner), nil
+}
+
 func readPrivateKey(pk string) (ssh.AuthMethod, error) {
 	// We parse the private key on our own first so that we can
 	// show a nicer error if the private key has a password.

communicator/ssh/provisioner_test.go

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ func TestProvisioner_connInfo(t *testing.T) {
 				"user":        "root",
 				"password":    "supersecret",
 				"private_key": "someprivatekeycontents",
+				"certificate": "somecertificate",
 				"host":        "127.0.0.1",
 				"port":        "22",
 				"timeout":     "30s",
@@ -37,6 +38,9 @@ func TestProvisioner_connInfo(t *testing.T) {
 	if conf.PrivateKey != "someprivatekeycontents" {
 		t.Fatalf("bad: %v", conf)
 	}
+	if conf.Certificate != "somecertificate" {
+		t.Fatalf("bad: %v", conf)
+	}
 	if conf.Host != "127.0.0.1" {
 		t.Fatalf("bad: %v", conf)
 	}
@@ -74,6 +78,7 @@ func TestProvisioner_connInfoIpv6(t *testing.T) {
 				"user":        "root",
 				"password":    "supersecret",
 				"private_key": "someprivatekeycontents",
+				"certificate": "somecertificate",
 				"host":        "::1",
 				"port":        "22",
 				"timeout":     "30s",
@@ -101,14 +106,13 @@ func TestProvisioner_connInfoHostname(t *testing.T) {
 	r := &terraform.InstanceState{
 		Ephemeral: terraform.EphemeralState{
 			ConnInfo: map[string]string{
-				"type":        "ssh",
+				"type":         "ssh",
-				"user":        "root",
+				"user":         "root",
-				"password":    "supersecret",
+				"password":     "supersecret",
-				"private_key": "someprivatekeycontents",
+				"private_key":  "someprivatekeycontents",
-				"host":        "example.com",
+				"host":         "example.com",
-				"port":        "22",
+				"port":         "22",
-				"timeout":     "30s",
+				"timeout":      "30s",
-
 				"bastion_host": "example.com",
 			},
 		},

terraform/eval_validate.go

@@ -252,6 +252,10 @@ var connectionBlockSupersetSchema = &configschema.Block{
 			Type:     cty.String,
 			Optional: true,
 		},
+		"certificate": {
+			Type:     cty.String,
+			Optional: true,
+		},
 		"host_key": {
 			Type:     cty.String,
 			Optional: true,

website/docs/provisioners/connection.html.markdown

@@ -77,6 +77,10 @@ provisioner "file" {
   [the `file` function](/docs/configuration/functions/file.html). This takes
   preference over the password if provided.
 
+* `certificate` - The contents of a signed CA Certificate. The certificate argument must be
+  used in conjunction with a `private_key`. These can
+  be loaded from a file on disk using the [the `file` function](/docs/configuration/functions/file.html).
+
 * `agent` - Set to `false` to disable using `ssh-agent` to authenticate. On Windows the
   only supported SSH authentication agent is
   [Pageant](http://the.earth.li/~sgtatham/putty/0.66/htmldoc/Chapter9.html#pageant).