validate integers when using protoV5

The new type system only has a Number type, but helper schema
differentiates between Int and Float values. Verify that a new config
value is an integer during Validate, because the existing WeakDecode
validation will decode a float value into an integer while the config
FieldReader will attempt to parse the float exactly.

Since we're limiting this to protoV5, we can be certain that any valid
config value will be converted to an `int` type by the shims. The only
case where an integral float value will appear is if the integer is out
of range for the systems `int` type, but we also need to prevent that
anyway since it would fail to read in the same manner.

builtin/providers/test/resource.go

@@ -153,6 +153,10 @@ func testResource() *schema.Resource {
 				Optional:    true,
 				Description: "do not set in config",
 			},
+			"int": {
+				Type:     schema.TypeInt,
+				Optional: true,
+			},
 		},
 	}
 }

builtin/providers/test/resource_test.go

@@ -1029,3 +1029,24 @@ resource "test_resource" "foo" {
 		},
 	})
 }
+
+func TestResource_floatInIntAttr(t *testing.T) {
+	resource.UnitTest(t, resource.TestCase{
+		Providers:    testAccProviders,
+		CheckDestroy: testAccCheckResourceDestroy,
+		Steps: []resource.TestStep{
+			resource.TestStep{
+				Config: strings.TrimSpace(`
+resource "test_resource" "foo" {
+	required = "yep"
+	required_map = {
+	    key = "value"
+	}
+	int = 40.2
+}
+				`),
+				ExpectError: regexp.MustCompile(`must be a whole number, got 40.2`),
+			},
+		},
+	})
+}

helper/schema/schema.go

@@ -1731,12 +1731,25 @@ func (m schemaMap) validatePrimitive(
 		}
 		decoded = n
 	case TypeInt:
+		switch {
+		case isProto5():
+			// We need to verify the type precisely, because WeakDecode will
+			// decode a float as an integer.
+
+			// the config shims only use int for integral number values
+			if v, ok := raw.(int); ok {
+				decoded = v
+			} else {
+				return nil, []error{fmt.Errorf("%s: must be a whole number, got %v", k, raw)}
+			}
+		default:
 			// Verify that we can parse this as an int
 			var n int
 			if err := mapstructure.WeakDecode(raw, &n); err != nil {
 				return nil, []error{fmt.Errorf("%s: %s", k, err)}
 			}
 			decoded = n
+		}
 	case TypeFloat:
 		// Verify that we can parse this as an int
 		var n float64