Teraform Cloud Backend State Migration

* determining source or destination to cloud
* handling single to single state migrations to cloud,
using a name strategy or a tags strategy
* Add end-to-end tests for state migration.

go.mod

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ require (
 	cloud.google.com/go/storage v1.10.0
 	github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go v52.5.0+incompatible
 	github.com/Azure/go-autorest/autorest v0.11.18
+	github.com/Netflix/go-expect v0.0.0-20211003183012-e1a7c020ce25
 	github.com/agext/levenshtein v1.2.3
 	github.com/aliyun/alibaba-cloud-sdk-go v0.0.0-20190329064014-6e358769c32a
 	github.com/aliyun/aliyun-oss-go-sdk v0.0.0-20190103054945-8205d1f41e70
@@ -154,6 +155,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/jstemmer/go-junit-report v0.9.1 // indirect
 	github.com/jtolds/gls v4.2.1+incompatible // indirect
 	github.com/klauspost/compress v1.11.2 // indirect
+	github.com/kr/pty v1.1.1 // indirect
 	github.com/masterzen/simplexml v0.0.0-20190410153822-31eea3082786 // indirect
 	github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.1.6 // indirect
 	github.com/mitchellh/go-testing-interface v1.0.0 // indirect

go.sum

@@ -89,6 +89,8 @@ github.com/Masterminds/sprig v2.22.0+incompatible/go.mod h1:y6hNFY5UBTIWBxnzTeuN
 github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.5.0 h1:Elr9Wn+sGKPlkaBvwu4mTrxtmOp3F3yV9qhaHbXGjwU=
 github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.5.0/go.mod h1:JPGBdM1cNvN/6ISo+n8V5iA4v8pBzdOpzfwIujj1a84=
 github.com/NYTimes/gziphandler v0.0.0-20170623195520-56545f4a5d46/go.mod h1:3wb06e3pkSAbeQ52E9H9iFoQsEEwGN64994WTCIhntQ=
+github.com/Netflix/go-expect v0.0.0-20211003183012-e1a7c020ce25 h1:hWfsqBaNZUHztXA78g7Y2Jj3rDQaTCZhhFwz43i2VlA=
+github.com/Netflix/go-expect v0.0.0-20211003183012-e1a7c020ce25/go.mod h1:68ORG0HSEWDuH5Eh73AFbYWZ1zT4Y+b0vhOa+vZRUdI=
 github.com/PuerkitoBio/purell v1.0.0/go.mod h1:c11w/QuzBsJSee3cPx9rAFu61PvFxuPbtSwDGJws/X0=
 github.com/PuerkitoBio/urlesc v0.0.0-20160726150825-5bd2802263f2/go.mod h1:uGdkoq3SwY9Y+13GIhn11/XLaGBb4BfwItxLd5jeuXE=
 github.com/QcloudApi/qcloud_sign_golang v0.0.0-20141224014652-e4130a326409/go.mod h1:1pk82RBxDY/JZnPQrtqHlUFfCctgdorsd9M06fMynOM=
@@ -453,6 +455,7 @@ github.com/kr/logfmt v0.0.0-20140226030751-b84e30acd515/go.mod h1:+0opPa2QZZtGFB
 github.com/kr/pretty v0.1.0/go.mod h1:dAy3ld7l9f0ibDNOQOHHMYYIIbhfbHSm3C4ZsoJORNo=
 github.com/kr/pretty v0.2.0 h1:s5hAObm+yFO5uHYt5dYjxi2rXrsnmRpJx4OYvIWUaQs=
 github.com/kr/pretty v0.2.0/go.mod h1:ipq/a2n7PKx3OHsz4KJII5eveXtPO4qwEXGdVfWzfnI=
+github.com/kr/pty v1.1.1 h1:VkoXIwSboBpnk99O/KFauAEILuNHv5DVFKZMBN/gUgw=
 github.com/kr/pty v1.1.1/go.mod h1:pFQYn66WHrOpPYNljwOMqo10TkYh1fy3cYio2l3bCsQ=
 github.com/kr/text v0.1.0 h1:45sCR5RtlFHMR4UwH9sdQ5TC8v0qDQCHnXt+kaKSTVE=
 github.com/kr/text v0.1.0/go.mod h1:4Jbv+DJW3UT/LiOwJeYQe1efqtUx/iVham/4vfdArNI=

internal/cloud/e2e/apply_auto_approve_test.go

@@ -16,12 +16,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/hashicorp/terraform/internal/e2e"
 )
 
-type tfCommand struct {
-	command        []string
-	expectedOutput string
-	expectedErr    string
-}
-
 func Test_terraform_apply_autoApprove(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx := context.Background()
 	cases := map[string]struct {
@@ -218,7 +212,7 @@ func Test_terraform_apply_autoApprove(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 		orgName := resourceData["organization"]
 		wsName := resourceData["workspace"]
-		tfBlock := createTerraformBlock(orgName, wsName)
+		tfBlock := terraformConfigCloudBackendName(orgName, wsName)
 		writeMainTF(t, tfBlock, tmpDir)
 		tf := e2e.NewBinary(terraformBin, tmpDir)
 		defer tf.Close()
@@ -245,28 +239,6 @@ func Test_terraform_apply_autoApprove(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func createTerraformBlock(org, ws string) string {
-	return fmt.Sprintf(
-		`terraform {
-  cloud {
-    hostname = "%s"
-    organization = "%s"
-
-    workspaces {
-      name = "%s"
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-resource "random_pet" "server" {
-  keepers = {
-    uuid = uuid()
-  }
-
-  length = 3
-}`, tfeHostname, org, ws)
-}
-
 func writeMainTF(t *testing.T, block string, dir string) {
 	f, err := os.Create(fmt.Sprintf("%s/main.tf", dir))
 	if err != nil {

internal/cloud/e2e/helper_test.go

@@ -7,11 +7,30 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"testing"
+	"time"
 
 	tfe "github.com/hashicorp/go-tfe"
 	"github.com/hashicorp/go-uuid"
 )
 
+const (
+	expectConsoleTimeout = 15 * time.Second
+)
+
+type tfCommand struct {
+	command         []string
+	expectedOutput  string
+	expectedErr     string
+	expectError     bool
+	userInput       []string
+	postInputOutput string
+}
+
+type operationSets struct {
+	commands []tfCommand
+	prep     func(t *testing.T, orgName, dir string)
+}
+
 func createOrganization(t *testing.T) (*tfe.Organization, func()) {
 	ctx := context.Background()
 	org, err := tfeClient.Organizations.Create(ctx, tfe.OrganizationCreateOptions{
@@ -48,3 +67,62 @@ func randomString(t *testing.T) string {
 	}
 	return v
 }
+
+func terraformConfigLocalBackend() string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf(`
+terraform {
+  backend "local" {
+  }
+}
+
+output "val" {
+  value = "${terraform.workspace}"
+}
+`)
+}
+
+func terraformConfigCloudBackendTags(org, tag string) string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf(`
+terraform {
+  cloud {
+    hostname = "%s"
+    organization = "%s"
+
+    workspaces {
+      tags = ["%s"]
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+resource "random_pet" "server" {
+  keepers = {
+    uuid = uuid()
+  }
+
+  length = 3
+}
+`, tfeHostname, org, tag)
+}
+
+func terraformConfigCloudBackendName(org, name string) string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf(`
+terraform {
+  cloud {
+    hostname = "%s"
+    organization = "%s"
+
+    workspaces {
+      name = "%s"
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+resource "random_pet" "server" {
+  keepers = {
+    uuid = uuid()
+  }
+
+  length = 3
+}
+`, tfeHostname, org, name)
+}

internal/cloud/e2e/main_test.go

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 package main
 
 import (
-	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"io/ioutil"
@@ -48,7 +47,6 @@ func setup() func() {
 	setTfeClient()
 	teardown := setupBinary()
 	setVersion()
-	ensureVersionExists()
 
 	return func() {
 		teardown()
@@ -143,42 +141,6 @@ func setVersion() {
 	terraformVersion = fmt.Sprintf("%s-%s", version, hash)
 }
 
-func ensureVersionExists() {
-	opts := tfe.AdminTerraformVersionsListOptions{
-		ListOptions: tfe.ListOptions{
-			PageNumber: 1,
-			PageSize:   100,
-		},
-	}
-	hasVersion := false
-
-findTfVersion:
-	for {
-		tfVersionList, err := tfeClient.Admin.TerraformVersions.List(context.Background(), opts)
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Fatalf("Could not retrieve list of terraform versions: %v", err)
-		}
-		for _, item := range tfVersionList.Items {
-			if item.Version == terraformVersion {
-				hasVersion = true
-				break findTfVersion
-			}
-		}
-
-		// Exit the loop when we've seen all pages.
-		if tfVersionList.CurrentPage >= tfVersionList.TotalPages {
-			break
-		}
-
-		// Update the page number to get the next page.
-		opts.PageNumber = tfVersionList.NextPage
-	}
-
-	if !hasVersion {
-		log.Fatalf("Terraform Version %s does not exist in the list. Please add it.", terraformVersion)
-	}
-}
-
 func writeCredRC(file string) {
 	creds := credentialBlock()
 	f, err := os.Create(file)

internal/cloud/e2e/migrate_state_multi_to_tfc_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+)
+
+/*
+	"multi" == multi-backend, multiple workspaces
+		-- when cloud config == name ->
+		---- prompt -> do you want to ONLY migrate the current workspace
+
+		-- when cloud config == tags
+		-- If Default present, prompt to rename default.
+		-- Then -> Prompt with *
+*/
+func Test_migrate_multi_to_tfc(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Skip("todo: see comments")
+}

internal/cloud/e2e/migrate_state_remote_backend_to_tfc_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+)
+
+// REMOTE BACKEND
+/*
+	- RB name -> TFC name
+	-- straight copy if only if different name, or same WS name in diff org
+	-- other
+	--  ensure that the local workspace, after migration, is the new name (in the tfc config block)
+	- RB name -> TFC tags
+	-- just add tag, if in same org
+	-- If new org, if WS exists, just add tag
+	-- If new org, if WS not exists, create and add tag
+	- RB prefix -> TFC name
+	-- create if not exists
+	-- migrate the current worksapce state to ws name
+	- RB prefix -> TFC tags
+	-- update previous workspaces (prefix + local) with cloud config tag
+	-- Rename the local workspaces to match the TFC workspaces (prefix + former local, ie app-prod). inform user
+
+*/
+func Test_migrate_remote_backend_name_to_tfc(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Skip("todo: see comments")
+}
+
+func Test_migrate_remote_backend_prefix_to_tfc(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Skip("todo: see comments")
+}

internal/cloud/e2e/migrate_state_single_to_tfc_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+//go:build e2e
+// +build e2e
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"os"
+	"testing"
+
+	expect "github.com/Netflix/go-expect"
+	tfe "github.com/hashicorp/go-tfe"
+	"github.com/hashicorp/terraform/internal/e2e"
+)
+
+func Test_migrate_single_to_tfc(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	cases := map[string]struct {
+		operations  []operationSets
+		validations func(t *testing.T, orgName string)
+	}{
+		"migrate using cloud workspace name strategy": {
+			operations: []operationSets{
+				{
+					prep: func(t *testing.T, orgName, dir string) {
+						tfBlock := terraformConfigLocalBackend()
+						writeMainTF(t, tfBlock, dir)
+					},
+					commands: []tfCommand{
+						{
+							command:        []string{"init"},
+							expectedOutput: `Successfully configured the backend "local"!`,
+						},
+						{
+							command:         []string{"apply"},
+							userInput:       []string{"yes"},
+							expectedOutput:  `Do you want to perform these actions?`,
+							postInputOutput: `Apply complete!`,
+						},
+					},
+				},
+				{
+					prep: func(t *testing.T, orgName, dir string) {
+						wsName := "new-workspace"
+						tfBlock := terraformConfigCloudBackendName(orgName, wsName)
+						writeMainTF(t, tfBlock, dir)
+					},
+					commands: []tfCommand{
+						{
+							command:         []string{"init", "-migrate-state"},
+							expectedOutput:  `Do you want to copy existing state to the new backend?`,
+							userInput:       []string{"yes"},
+							postInputOutput: `Successfully configured the backend "cloud"!`,
+						},
+						{
+							command:        []string{"workspace", "list"},
+							expectedOutput: `new-workspace`,
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			validations: func(t *testing.T, orgName string) {
+				wsList, err := tfeClient.Workspaces.List(ctx, orgName, tfe.WorkspaceListOptions{})
+				if err != nil {
+					t.Fatal(err)
+				}
+				ws := wsList.Items[0]
+				if ws.Name != "new-workspace" {
+					t.Fatalf("Expected workspace to be `new-workspace`, but is %s", ws.Name)
+				}
+			},
+		},
+		"migrate using cloud workspace tags strategy": {
+			operations: []operationSets{
+				{
+					prep: func(t *testing.T, orgName, dir string) {
+						tfBlock := terraformConfigLocalBackend()
+						writeMainTF(t, tfBlock, dir)
+					},
+					commands: []tfCommand{
+						{
+							command:        []string{"init"},
+							expectedOutput: `Successfully configured the backend "local"!`,
+						},
+						{
+							command:         []string{"apply"},
+							userInput:       []string{"yes"},
+							expectedOutput:  `Do you want to perform these actions?`,
+							postInputOutput: `Apply complete!`,
+						},
+					},
+				},
+				{
+					prep: func(t *testing.T, orgName, dir string) {
+						tag := "app"
+						tfBlock := terraformConfigCloudBackendTags(orgName, tag)
+						writeMainTF(t, tfBlock, dir)
+					},
+					commands: []tfCommand{
+						{
+							command:         []string{"init", "-migrate-state"},
+							expectedOutput:  `The "cloud" backend configuration only allows named workspaces!`,
+							userInput:       []string{"new-workspace", "yes"},
+							postInputOutput: `Successfully configured the backend "cloud"!`,
+						},
+						{
+							command:        []string{"workspace", "list"},
+							expectedOutput: `new-workspace`,
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			validations: func(t *testing.T, orgName string) {
+				wsList, err := tfeClient.Workspaces.List(ctx, orgName, tfe.WorkspaceListOptions{
+					Tags: tfe.String("app"),
+				})
+				if err != nil {
+					t.Fatal(err)
+				}
+				ws := wsList.Items[0]
+				if ws.Name != "new-workspace" {
+					t.Fatalf("Expected workspace to be `new-workspace`, but is %s", ws.Name)
+				}
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for name, tc := range cases {
+		fmt.Println("Test: ", name)
+		organization, cleanup := createOrganization(t)
+		defer cleanup()
+		exp, err := expect.NewConsole(expect.WithStdout(os.Stdout), expect.WithDefaultTimeout(expectConsoleTimeout))
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		defer exp.Close()
+
+		tmpDir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "terraform-test")
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		defer os.RemoveAll(tmpDir)
+
+		tf := e2e.NewBinary(terraformBin, tmpDir)
+		tf.AddEnv("TF_LOG=info")
+		tf.AddEnv(cliConfigFileEnv)
+		defer tf.Close()
+
+		for _, op := range tc.operations {
+			op.prep(t, organization.Name, tf.WorkDir())
+			for _, tfCmd := range op.commands {
+				cmd := tf.Cmd(tfCmd.command...)
+				cmd.Stdin = exp.Tty()
+				cmd.Stdout = exp.Tty()
+				cmd.Stderr = exp.Tty()
+
+				err = cmd.Start()
+				if err != nil {
+					t.Fatal(err)
+				}
+
+				if tfCmd.expectedOutput != "" {
+					_, err := exp.ExpectString(tfCmd.expectedOutput)
+					if err != nil {
+						t.Fatal(err)
+					}
+				}
+
+				if len(tfCmd.userInput) > 0 {
+					for _, input := range tfCmd.userInput {
+						exp.SendLine(input)
+					}
+				}
+
+				if tfCmd.postInputOutput != "" {
+					_, err := exp.ExpectString(tfCmd.postInputOutput)
+					if err != nil {
+						t.Fatal(err)
+					}
+				}
+
+				err = cmd.Wait()
+				if err != nil {
+					t.Fatal(err)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		if tc.validations != nil {
+			tc.validations(t, organization.Name)
+		}
+	}
+}

internal/cloud/e2e/migrate_state_tfc_to_other_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+//go:build e2e
+// +build e2e
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"os"
+	"testing"
+
+	expect "github.com/Netflix/go-expect"
+	"github.com/hashicorp/terraform/internal/e2e"
+)
+
+func Test_migrate_tfc_to_other(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := map[string]struct {
+		operations []operationSets
+	}{
+		"migrate from cloud to local backend": {
+			operations: []operationSets{
+				{
+					prep: func(t *testing.T, orgName, dir string) {
+						wsName := "new-workspace"
+						tfBlock := terraformConfigCloudBackendName(orgName, wsName)
+						writeMainTF(t, tfBlock, dir)
+					},
+					commands: []tfCommand{
+						{
+							command:        []string{"init"},
+							expectedOutput: `Successfully configured the backend "cloud"!`,
+						},
+					},
+				},
+				{
+					prep: func(t *testing.T, orgName, dir string) {
+						tfBlock := terraformConfigLocalBackend()
+						writeMainTF(t, tfBlock, dir)
+					},
+					commands: []tfCommand{
+						{
+							command:        []string{"init", "-migrate-state"},
+							expectedOutput: `Migrating state from Terraform Cloud to another backend is not yet implemented.`,
+							expectError:    true,
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for name, tc := range cases {
+		fmt.Println("Test: ", name)
+		organization, cleanup := createOrganization(t)
+		defer cleanup()
+		exp, err := expect.NewConsole(expect.WithStdout(os.Stdout), expect.WithDefaultTimeout(expectConsoleTimeout))
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		defer exp.Close()
+
+		tmpDir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "terraform-test")
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		defer os.RemoveAll(tmpDir)
+
+		tf := e2e.NewBinary(terraformBin, tmpDir)
+		tf.AddEnv("TF_LOG=info")
+		tf.AddEnv(cliConfigFileEnv)
+		defer tf.Close()
+
+		for _, op := range tc.operations {
+			op.prep(t, organization.Name, tf.WorkDir())
+			for _, tfCmd := range op.commands {
+				cmd := tf.Cmd(tfCmd.command...)
+				cmd.Stdin = exp.Tty()
+				cmd.Stdout = exp.Tty()
+				cmd.Stderr = exp.Tty()
+
+				err = cmd.Start()
+				if err != nil {
+					t.Fatal(err)
+				}
+
+				if tfCmd.expectedOutput != "" {
+					_, err := exp.ExpectString(tfCmd.expectedOutput)
+					if err != nil {
+						t.Fatal(err)
+					}
+				}
+
+				if len(tfCmd.userInput) > 0 {
+					for _, input := range tfCmd.userInput {
+						exp.SendLine(input)
+					}
+				}
+
+				if tfCmd.postInputOutput != "" {
+					_, err := exp.ExpectString(tfCmd.postInputOutput)
+					if err != nil {
+						t.Fatal(err)
+					}
+				}
+
+				err = cmd.Wait()
+				if err != nil && !tfCmd.expectError {
+					t.Fatal(err)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

internal/cloud/e2e/migrate_state_tfc_to_tfc_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+)
+
+/*
+
+	If org to org, treat it like a new backend. Then go through the multi/single logic
+
+	If same org, but name/tag changes
+		config name -> config name
+		-- straight copy
+		config name -> config tags
+		-- jsut add tag to workspace.
+		config tags -> config name
+		-- straight copy
+*/
+func Test_migrate_tfc_to_tfc(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Skip("todo: see comments")
+}

internal/command/meta_backend_migrate.go

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/hashicorp/terraform/internal/backend"
+	"github.com/hashicorp/terraform/internal/cloud"
 	"github.com/hashicorp/terraform/internal/command/arguments"
 	"github.com/hashicorp/terraform/internal/command/clistate"
 	"github.com/hashicorp/terraform/internal/command/views"
@@ -46,25 +47,18 @@ func (m *Meta) backendMigrateState(opts *backendMigrateOpts) error {
 	log.Printf("[TRACE] backendMigrateState: need to migrate from %q to %q backend config", opts.SourceType, opts.DestinationType)
 	// We need to check what the named state status is. If we're converting
 	// from multi-state to single-state for example, we need to handle that.
-	var sourceSingleState, destinationSingleState bool
+	var sourceSingleState, destinationSingleState, sourceTFC, destinationTFC bool
-	sourceWorkspaces, err := opts.Source.Workspaces()
-	if err == backend.ErrWorkspacesNotSupported {
-		sourceSingleState = true
-		err = nil
-	}
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf(strings.TrimSpace(
-			errMigrateLoadStates), opts.SourceType, err)
-	}
 
-	destinationWorkspaces, err := opts.Destination.Workspaces()
+	_, sourceTFC = opts.Source.(*cloud.Cloud)
-	if err == backend.ErrWorkspacesNotSupported {
+	_, destinationTFC = opts.Destination.(*cloud.Cloud)
-		destinationSingleState = true
+
-		err = nil
+	sourceWorkspaces, sourceSingleState, err := retrieveWorkspaces(opts.Source, opts.SourceType)
-	}
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf(strings.TrimSpace(
+		return err
-			errMigrateLoadStates), opts.DestinationType, err)
+	}
+	destinationWorkspaces, destinationSingleState, err := retrieveWorkspaces(opts.Destination, opts.SourceType)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
 	}
 
 	// Set up defaults
@@ -103,6 +97,9 @@ func (m *Meta) backendMigrateState(opts *backendMigrateOpts) error {
 	// Determine migration behavior based on whether the source/destination
 	// supports multi-state.
 	switch {
+	case sourceTFC || destinationTFC:
+		return m.backendMigrateTFC(opts)
+
 	// Single-state to single-state. This is the easiest case: we just
 	// copy the default state directly.
 	case sourceSingleState && destinationSingleState:
@@ -497,6 +494,91 @@ func (m *Meta) backendMigrateNonEmptyConfirm(
 	return m.confirm(inputOpts)
 }
 
+func retrieveWorkspaces(back backend.Backend, sourceType string) ([]string, bool, error) {
+	var singleState bool
+	var err error
+	workspaces, err := back.Workspaces()
+	if err == backend.ErrWorkspacesNotSupported {
+		singleState = true
+		err = nil
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, singleState, fmt.Errorf(strings.TrimSpace(
+			errMigrateLoadStates), sourceType, err)
+	}
+
+	return workspaces, singleState, err
+}
+
+func (m *Meta) backendMigrateTFC(opts *backendMigrateOpts) error {
+	_, sourceTFC := opts.Source.(*cloud.Cloud)
+	cloudBackendDestination, destinationTFC := opts.Destination.(*cloud.Cloud)
+
+	sourceWorkspaces, sourceSingleState, err := retrieveWorkspaces(opts.Source, opts.SourceType)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	//to be used below, not yet implamented
+	// destinationWorkspaces, destinationSingleState
+	_, _, err = retrieveWorkspaces(opts.Destination, opts.SourceType)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// from TFC to non-TFC backend
+	if sourceTFC && !destinationTFC {
+		// From Terraform Cloud to another backend. This is not yet implemented, and
+		// we recommend people to use the TFC API.
+		return fmt.Errorf(strings.TrimSpace(errTFCMigrateNotYetImplemented))
+	}
+
+	// from TFC to TFC
+	if sourceTFC && destinationTFC {
+		// TODO: see internal/cloud/e2e/migrate_state_tfc_to_tfc_test.go for notes
+		panic("not yet implemented")
+	}
+
+	// Everything below, by the above two conditionals, now assumes that the
+	// destination is always Terraform Cloud (TFC).
+
+	sourceSingle := sourceSingleState || (len(sourceWorkspaces) == 1 && sourceWorkspaces[0] == backend.DefaultStateName)
+	if sourceSingle {
+		if cloudBackendDestination.WorkspaceMapping.Strategy() == cloud.WorkspaceNameStrategy {
+			// If we know the name via WorkspaceNameStrategy, then set the
+			// destinationWorkspace to the new Name and skip the user prompt. Here the
+			// destinationWorkspace is not set to `default` thereby we will create it
+			// in TFC if it does not exist.
+			opts.destinationWorkspace = cloudBackendDestination.WorkspaceMapping.Name
+		}
+		// Run normal single-to-single state migration
+		// This will handle both situations where the new cloud backend
+		// configuration is using a workspace.name strategy or workspace.tags
+		// strategy.
+		return m.backendMigrateState_s_s(opts)
+	}
+
+	destinationTagsStrategy := cloudBackendDestination.WorkspaceMapping.Strategy() == cloud.WorkspaceTagsStrategy
+	destinationNameStrategy := cloudBackendDestination.WorkspaceMapping.Strategy() == cloud.WorkspaceNameStrategy
+
+	multiSource := !sourceSingleState && len(sourceWorkspaces) > 1
+	if multiSource && destinationNameStrategy {
+		// we have to take the current workspace from the source and migrate that
+		// over to destination. Since there is multiple sources, and we are using a
+		// name strategy, we will only migrate the current workspace.
+		panic("not yet implemented")
+	}
+
+	// Multiple sources, and using tags strategy. So migrate every source
+	// workspace over to new one, prompt for workspace name pattern (*),
+	// and start migrating, and create tags for each workspace.
+	if multiSource && destinationTagsStrategy {
+		// TODO: see internal/cloud/e2e/migrate_state_multi_to_tfc_test.go for notes
+		panic("not yet implemented")
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
 const errMigrateLoadStates = `
 Error inspecting states in the %q backend:
     %s
@@ -541,6 +623,12 @@ The state in the previous backend remains intact and unmodified. Please resolve
 the error above and try again.
 `
 
+const errTFCMigrateNotYetImplemented = `
+Migrating state from Terraform Cloud to another backend is not yet implemented.
+
+Please use the API to do this: https://www.terraform.io/docs/cloud/api/state-versions.html
+`
+
 const inputBackendMigrateEmpty = `
 Pre-existing state was found while migrating the previous %q backend to the
 newly configured %q backend. No existing state was found in the newly